Principles and foundations of interaction with non-Muslims in Shia political jurisprudence

The main characteristic of Islamic government is the rule of divine law over people. The rulers are bound by the set of conditions in the implementation and administration of the government that are defined in the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). One of the subjects of the Islamic government is the way of dealing with non-Muslims in interactions within the government, which is undoubtedly the best model in this field is the interaction model of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the innocents (PBUH). In this article, an attempt has been made to explain the principles and foundations of Shia jurisprudence (which are the distinguishing conditions of the Islamic government and other governments in interaction with non-Muslims); Therefore, this research first focuses on the explanation and investigation of the Quranic principles and validity of interaction with non-Muslims, and then deals with the approach of dealing with non-Muslims from the perspective of intellectuals. Finally, it will deal with two theories and approaches of dealing with non-Muslims in Shia jurisprudence, one based on the theory of interaction and the other based on the theory of non-interaction with documentation. The author of this research has tried to prove by using the descriptive-analytical method that the approach of the Islamic government's evolutionary confrontation with non-Muslims is derived from the Holy Qur'an and the Seerah of the Innocents (pbuh) and is based on important jurisprudential and principled rules, not just a tactical point of view and Temporary and intermittent.