Power Distance Analysis Based on Hofstede's Theory of Cultural Dimensions and Its Application in the Disputes between Bani Hashim and Bani Umayyad

One of the hidden aspects of the differences between Bani Hashem and the Umayyads is the difference in the attitude of these two dynasties to the details of power, including the ‘distance of power’. Power distance, which is of interest to anthropologists, analyzes the distribution and accumulation of political power and the relationship between people and those in power. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory has listed this component as one of the six axes of the cultural difference of societies. Emphasizing the issue of power distance, the present study examines historical statements about the behavior of the power of the two Quraysh dynasties and presents an analysis of the role of the dominant viewpoint in each of these two dynasties. According to this research, the desire to be seen as generous, the emphasis on the display of power, ethnocentrism, trying to maintain economic superiority, unconventional and purposeful generosity, and the utilitarian view of others and public property, are the issues that show that Bani Umayyah believed in a great power distance. On the other hand, simple living, a noble view of others and public property, humility, kindness to subordinates, and avoiding tribalism are some of the evidence that show Bani Hashem's emphasis on low power distance. Based on this, it should be said that the difference of opinion about the power distance was the main source of the difference in the attitude of the Umayyad and Hashem families towards the economy, society, and politics.