Examining the four elements and their symbolic role in connection with political-social issues of constitutional poetry

One of the important and fundamental currents of contemporary poetry is symbolic or symbolic poetry. According to many critics and experts, one of the main reasons for the tendency and attention of contemporary poets to symbolic poetry is the change and evolution of the political and social atmosphere of Iran in the contemporary era. In addition to this opinion, we can also mention the familiarity of poets with European poetic trends and the school of symbolism. During the constitutional era, the use of symbols, especially symbols related to natural and four elements, served to express the political-social intentions and goals of poets. Therefore, the purpose of the upcoming research is to examine the four elements of nature (water, wind, Soil, fire) in constitutional poetry in order to specify how the poets of this era have used these elements to explain their political and social goals.

This article is based on library studies and descriptive-analytical method.

Paying attention to the four elements has always had a prominent place and role among the culture and beliefs of various nations, including Iranian writers and poets, and has caused deep and significant thoughts, ideas and concepts to appear in Persian poetry in various periods. It has appeared in wide and artistic forms. During the constitutional era, especially the poems of Mirzadeh Eshghi, Aref Qazvini and Nasim Shomal, symbolization using the elements of nature has been paid attention to in order to pay attention to social and political issues.

Mirzadeh Eshghi, Nasim Shomal and Aref Qazvini, according to the four elements of water, wind, earth and fire, concepts such as homeland, destruction and rebellion of kings and tyrannical rulers, the destruction of the homeland and the loss of freedom and independence of the country and its colonization by foreigners have depicted.