Sociological analysis of the effects of Iranian national TV, local media and Kurdish media on the construction of collective identity of the residents of Oraman area

The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between the national media, the provincial TV channel and the Kurdish language overseas satellites on the dimensions of the national and ethnic identity of the Kurds in Oramanat region of Kermanshah, which was conducted with a survey method and the use of a questionnaire among a sample of 400 citizens of four cities of Javanroud, Paveh, Ravansar and Salas Babajani. The obtained data were processed and analyzed through spss software. The findings of the research show that the amount of use of the national media (1 hour and 45 minutes) and the provincial TV channel (half an hour) compared to virtual space and the Internet (4 hours) and even satellite (about 2 hours) was much less, which shows that respondents' satisfaction with national and provincial media is very low. In terms of identity, the average number of ethnic identities is (4) and national identity is (3.5), which is at an average level. The inferential results of this study showed that the national media (beta 0.22) and the Zagros provincial TV channel (beta 0.19) have a positive and direct effect on national identity, which explains a total of 13% of respondents' national identity. Also, age (beta 0.14) has a positive effect on national identity, and the use of Kurdish language satellites (beta -0.12) has a negative effect on national identity. On one hand, out of all the studied variables, only Kurdish-language satellites with beta (0.21) have had a positive effect on ethnic identity, and in total, 5% of the variance of ethnic identity is related to these Kurdish-language overseas media. In the meantime, the amount of use of new social networks with beta (-0.12) had a negative effect on ethnic identity. On the other hand, in relation to the respondents' religious identity, the national and provincial media explained only 9.5% of the respondents' religious identity, and more than 90% of the unexplained variance is related to factors other than the national and provincial media. In general, the identity of the Kurds has suffered a kind of ambiguity and dissatisfaction among the people of Oramanat. On one hand, the Kurds are not satisfied with the representation of their culture and history in the national and provincial media, and on the other hand, although some of the programs of the Kurdish overseas satellite networks have been effective in attracting people's attention, their programs are not compatible with maintaining the territorial and identity integrity of the country, and they cause problems for the mutual trust of the government and the people and social participation, especially in political dimensions.