An assessment and critique of the doubts about gender discrimination in the retribution; hadd’ul diyāt in islamic punishments

One of the most important and crucial issues of human societies, which provides security and comfort of society and has always the mission of crime prevention, is the issue of punishment. In recent decades, Islamic punishments have been ridiculed and criticized by many so-called human rights defenders inside and outside Islamic borders, which deserve to be investigated and responded to. Since the rulings of religion and divine laws have always been criticized for various purposes, especially in recent years, one of the criticisms that is very much raised is gender discrimination in Islamic punishments, especially in the matter of retribution (qisas) and blood money (diyah). The present article intends to examine this doubt and its various dimensions. In this regard, an attempt was made to examine different forms. Examining dimensions such as: the scientific status of men and women, the divine and spiritual status of men and women in human perfection, as well as the impact of economics on the family and society, the existence of differences in this regard and in which way these differences are? and how many categories they are divided into?, all are the cases relied on in this research. Examining the various dimensions mentioned and finding economic and financial returns is one of the analytical and descriptive findings of this research.