Investigating the effect of semi-open space and opening surfaces on the visual proportions of different types of native houses in Guilan

The architecture of Guilan is a collection of diverse patterns that have evolved based on the needs of the inhabitants, thermal comfort, and climate. In this architecture, open levels and semi-open spaces hold significant importance and have greatly influenced the variety of its forms. It appears that, apart from climatic considerations, these elements have had an impact on the proportionality and aesthetics of Guilan's indigenous housing. In this article, we examine the relationship between these elements and visual proportionality and aesthetics, as perceived by experts, in the patterned houses of Guilan based on three different climatic divisions: plain, mountainous-hillside, and coastal. Proportionality is examined through the analysis of proportional systems, basic modules, multiple proportions, and the golden ratio, while aesthetics are assessed based on five variables: balance, beauty, transparency, uniformity, and unity. The research findings indicate that mountainous-hillside climate samples have achieved the highest scores in terms of aesthetic variables and the system for evaluating proportionality. Additionally, the selected houses from each category include Moradi House (plain area), Behzadi House (mountainous-hillside area), and Mousavi House (coastal area), all of which have obtained high evaluation scores.