Possibility or denial of human rights in Politics and International Relations: a meta-theoretical reading

One of the main issues facing human rights is the possibility and how it is implemented. In the domestic arena, the existence of political power from the Leviathan helps to guarantee the implementation of human rights, but in the international arena we face relatively anarchic conditions. The question is what mechanisms the prominent paradigms of political science and international relations have proposed for the implementation of human rights. In the article with the framework of genealogy paradigms and epistemological systems, human rights in the paradigms of political science and international relations are examined. For this purpose, thinkers, intellectual foundations, and executive mechanisms of human rights have been analyzed. The above paradigms can be placed in a continuum that encompasses a variety of perspectives from the possibility to the denial of human rights. At one end of the spectrum are liberal and technology-oriented approaches that consider the implementation of human rights in the domestic and international arenas possible and offer a variety of mechanisms for it. On the other hand, there are critical and phenomenological paradigms that make human rights and its implementation impossible in the current situation. Between the two is the paradigm of realism, which finds the implementation of human rights within the framework of the state feasible but finds it difficult to achieve in the international arena.