Marine and Coastal Aquaculture Potentials of Iran, Considering the Limitations of Fresh Water and Sea Oriented Economic Approach

One of the global aproches to ensuring fish security involves aquaculture and using aquatic protein.in this context, fish production can engage to the coastlines and marine environments. International statistics in 2020 indicated the unique role of marine aquaculture production and development in the world. A significant part of aquaculture production (122.6 million tons), about 33.1 million tons belongs to coastal and mariculture. The global production of seaweed (35 million tons) should also be added to this statistic, which includes a total of 68.1 million tons. Marine aquaculture in Iran creates a good opportunity to produce a variety of aquatic products, which, taking into account the components of sustainable development, ie. attention to the basics of the environment and economic and social aspects. Mariculture also provides the field of productive employment. Today, due to some production limitations in inland waters and lack of fresh water in non-coastal provinces, the approach of using marine waters in the north and south of the country (the Caspian Sea, the Persian Gulf, the Oman Sea) has been formed and is expanding. in this regard, useing marine areas for fish production in various types sea cages, as well as the seaweed production and cultivation of all types of oysters and mollusks, along with the balanced development of shrimp production in the seventh national development plan (Including the general policies of the sea-oriented economy) is recommended.