Conceptualization of Elements of the Development Governance System: A Comparative Study of Development Leading Institutions in Selected Countrie

The complex and multifaceted nature of development necessitates the involvement of various societal actors, including government agencies, the private sector, and civil society organizations, in actively planning and implementing development projects. Within the development governance framework, government institutions and non-state actors (development stakeholders) collaborate to reach a consensus on decision-making. Despite the development of comprehensive development plans in many countries, challenges in formulating and implementing these plans have often resulted in intangible outcomes. Therefore, this research aims to conduct a comparative study of development agencies in different countries to learn from their experiences in development leadership. The functions and roles of these agencies are categorized into five elements: actors, drivers, policy instruments, regulatory mechanisms, and participation methods, to conceptualize development governance.