Recognizing and Evaluating the Harmful Factors of Marginalization and Its Effects on the Exclusion of Children from Child-Oriented Spaces (Case Study: Sanandaj city)

Marginalization is one of the important issues in the field of urban planning and architecture, and special attention must be paid to the key factors and their consequences affecting residents. These factors including the lack of educational and nurturing spaces like child- oriented spaces, security issues, livelihood and educational pressures can have far-reaching effects on residents. However, the most vulnerable and sensitive victims of social harm are children. In this regard, the exclusion of children from child-oriented spaces leads to children exoanding their energy in inappropriate environments, which can cause financial, physical, mental and even fatal losses.This research aims to identify and investigate the factors influencing the unfavorable conditions of marginalized children and explore the reasons for their deprivation due to the absence or lack of child- oriented spaces and the harmful effects it has on children now and in the future. The research also proposes solutions to improve this situation. The research is descriptive-analytical in nature, and the data was gathered through document and library collection, followed by field research, including site visits, interviews with residents, and questionnaires, utilizing the experiences of other professors and researchers and referencing examples and articles from various specialized fields. Finally, the authors' analysis and conclusions have been made. Marginalization is often associated with the confrontation of different and incompatible cultures, which leads to issues such as increased crime, drug sales, child labor, threats to the mental health of residents, and especially children. There is also an unequal and unbalanced distribution of welfare, health, and educational facilitiesthe lack of quality in urban open spaces, such as parks and children's playgrounds. By examining these factors in localities (Nayser, Islamabad, Farajah), their quantity and quality were determined and solutions were proposed to aaddress these issues.