Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in 3-19 Age Group in East of Tehran in 2001

Type 2 Diabetes is fast increasing in adolescents various populations there is a lack of related data in Iranian population. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of diabetes, its risk factors (such as family history, obesity, sedentary life, high caloric diet, birth weight, history of GDM in their mothers), associated disease (hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity) and related complications (proteinuria and retinopathy). This is a cross sectional study of 4480, 3 – 19 year old children from eastern Tehran selected by multiple stratified cluster random sampling this study was done in 3 steps. In the first step, the children were screened by detecting FBS. Then 210 persons with FBS> 100 were selected and GTT (1.75 mg/kg glucose) was done for all of them and in the third step, we measured Anti GAD, ICA, serum insulin levels and C peptide in patients with Impaired Fasting Glucose. Questionnaires for history, physical examination and nutritional status and the results of tests were completed for each one, all the patients were evaluated for retinopathy and nephropathy. Overall, we detected one case of IFG, 6 cases of IGT and 5 cases of DM. Finally, the results were compared with those of 20 age sex matched controls. The prevalence of IFG was 22 in 105 for IGT it was 133 in 105 and 110 in 105 for DM. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 45 in 105 in adolescents in this population. Obesity and strong family history of diabetes mellitus was observed in most of them. None of them had complications of DM. In spite of the few cases of type 2 diabetes identified in Iranian adolescents, prevalence of this disease in our population is low. The probability of this disease should be considered in obese children with strong family history of DM. In order to prevent type 2 DM in adolescents appropriate dietary and physical activity interventions are is recommended for the general population.