The Hemodynamic Effects of Standard Doses of Bupivacaine Compared to the Effects of Its Mixture with Fentanyl in Intra Spinal Anesthesia among Aged People

Spinal anesthesia is one of the usual techniques in the surgery of hip fractures among the aged. On the other hand the hemodynamic complications of this method and the treatment of these complications by abundant Ir liquids and drugs such as Ephedrin and phenylephedrin have potential risk for aged patients. Intrathecal opioids have synergistic effects on the duration and quality of spinal block. Thus a number of efforts have been made to prevent the hemodynamic complications and probability of inadequate block by decreasing the dosage of local anesthetic drug and adding opioid drugs to it. This study investigates the hemodynamic effects and the quality of spinal anesthesia using the above-mentioned method. Forty-six patients above 60 years of age with hip fracture were randomized into 2 groups (A and B). Group A received a spinal of hyper tonic bupivacaine (5 mg) and fentanyl (20 m g) and group B received 12.5 mg of hypertonic bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia. Vital signs before and during the surgery, quality and quantity of blockage, amount of fluid and Ephedrine used, were recorded every 5 minutes. MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure) fall and the dosage and frequency of ephedrine consumption were significantly different in two groups. MAP decrease in-group A was 23.6 ± 10.79 and in-group B it was 36 ± 11.1 (p=0.001). The average requirement of ephedrine in the groups were 2.25 ± 3.49 mg in-group A and 10 ± 8.45 mg in-group B (P=0.001). The average occurrence of hypotension and ephedrine usage was 0.71 ± 1.08 times in-group A and 2.91 ± 2.94 times in-group B (p=0.001). 29 % of group A had pain in the terminal stage of surgery but this amount in-group B was 13.6%. Tachycardia was 29.2 % in-group A and 68.2 % in group B (p=0.001). Adding 20 m g fentanyl to bupivacaine and decreasing its dosage can prevent the complications of intrathecal anesthesia. (MAP fall and the tachycardia occurred in the process of its treatment) to a great extent. But to lower the incidence of failure and obtain reliable block, more controlled studies must be accomplished.