Resemblance of Mystical Experiences and Rational Justification of Pantheism in Mullā Ṣadrā and Stace

Pantheism or the oneness of existence can be considered the most important proposition in most mystical schools. Different mystical schools diverge in their worldview as well as their instructions for spiritual journey, but it seems that most of them converge on this issue. However, logical and rational justification of this teaching has met serious challenges which could not be overcome but by only a few schools.The author in this article studies several mystical schools, surveying the issue of pantheism and related subjects, and discusses Mullā Ṣadrā and Stace's efforts in justifying the idea.