The structural and functional differetiation of Military organizations from the political institutions

In this study, the mani question is: How is the differetiation of the nilitary organizations from the institution pelitrcally formed? According to the present texts and their theretical frameworks, the differetiation could be defined by two basic categories of: Fromalization and professlonalization.The indices of formalization were: division of labour, and the punishment / reward system for organizational promotion.The indices for professionalization are: sepcialized education and a triple -function for professionalization.The study is a historical comparative work, so it could be categorized as a qualitative research. The main findings are that through the history, both categories of differentiation were developed and complicated. But in Iran, in different from the other countries, specially United States with its decentralization system, the professionalism has less developed and under the domination of the central political system, it could not acheived a developed professional autonamy.