Continuance of the Tradition of Optical Writings in Qāsim  Ali Qāyinī'sManāzirwaMarāyā

The “ManāzirvaMarāyā” manuscript of Qāsim-Alī Al-Qāyinī (ca. 1097 A.H.) is considered by some studies as an interesting manuscript in the history of Islamic optics which is necessary to examine and introduce. At first Al-Qāyinī has defined the scope of “Elmemanzir” and expressed its principles and theorems from the perspectives of Euclid and Kindi and based on them has defined aspects like shadows, day and night and others. Among the aspects expressed in this manuscript, Al-Qāyinī has explained an experiment in which two light sources combine their light. He has then described a burning instrument and explained how to build another instrument by a combination of mirrors to keep a point of a room bright throughout the day. Among other optical phenomena he has explained the rainbow, the moon’s halo, the dark room, the field of view in flat mirrors and the refraction of light. This manuscript has been written under the influence of Ibn Al-Haytham, Euclid, Galen and Kamal Al-Din Al-Farsi.