Sivand, A New Bread Wheat Cultivar, Resistant to Stem Rust (Race Ug99) with Good Bread Making Quality for Cultivation under Irrigated Conditions of Temperate Regions of Iran

A breeding hexaploid wheat line named later M-84-18 was produced from crossing of Kauz"S" (a CIMMYT bred line) with Azadi cultivar in Zarghan Research Station during 1995-96 cropping season. The obtained F1 generation was evaluated next season and due to its good charcteristics advanced as a superior F2 generation with Kauz"S"/Azadi parentage in 1996-07. The segregating populations derived from this F2 were evaluated and exposed to selection during 1997-2002. An extracted breeding line with accession number of 4-81-66 from those selections was evaluated in the preliminary yield trial of Zarghan Station and was picked based on its high yield as well as its resistance to stripe rust in 2002-03. This line was further tested in the preliminary regional yield trial of temperate zone over seven stations (Karaj, Kermanshah, Nieshabour, Zarghan, Isfahan, Broujerd and Varamin) and with recorded yield of 7.880 tha-1 against 7.998, 8.074, 7.534 and 7.812 tha-1 of Shiraz, Pishtaz, Mahdavi and Marvdasht check cultivars, respectively in 2003-04. This line was tested in advanced and replicated trials over same seven stations in 2004-05 and with recorded grain yield of 7.878 tha-1 compared to 7.214 tha-1 of Pishtaz forwarded to adaptation trials. The adaptation and stability of this line was evaluated in a two years experiment tested over those seven stations plus Mashhad and Yazd during 2005-2007 periods and with grain yield of 8.683 tha-1 against 8.337 of Pishtaz and due to its high resistance to stripe rust and stem rust (Ug99 race) considered for on-farm trials which was followed in 2007-08 over five locations of temperate zone showing an average grain yield of 5.786 tha-1 for M-84-18 against 5.212 tha-1 of Pishtaz check cultivar. The considerable superiority of this line could be due to its high resistance to stem rust race Ug99 carrying virulrnce factors for Sr31, Sr24 and Sr36 evaluated in Kenya during 2006-08 periods. Finally, according to high grain yield potential, resistance to stripe and stem (Ug99 race) rusts (recorded reactions 0-30MR and 10R/MR against 0-40MR and 100S of Pishtaz for yellow and stem rusts, respectively), good grain quality (seed protein content of 12%, SDS sedimentation volume of 54, Farinography score of 64 against 11.4, 47 and 58 for Pishtaz, respectively) and also good agronomic performance including shattering resistance and earliness this line was named Sivand and officially released in 2009 for cultivation in irrigated farms of temperate zone, in Iran