Investigating the Serologic Status and Epidemiological Aspects of Health Care Worker's Exposure to HBV and HCV Viruses

Health care workers who have occupational exposure to blood and body fluids are at increased risk of acquiring blood-borne infections. This study aimed at assessing hepatitis B immunity status of employees as well as determining the epidemiological characteristics of occupational exposure of the workers in Fatemieh Hospital in Shahroud to blood/body fluids. In this cross-sectional study, 191 employees (both official and health care personnel) of Fatemieh Hospital were studied. After providing the required explanations, five blood samples were taken to examine HBS Ag, HCV Ab and HBS Ab with eliza kits. Demographic features, vaccination history and exposures with blood/body fluid of the participants were simultaneously recorded. Mean age of the participants was 34 ± 9 years. The highest rate of exposure (needle sticking injury) was for 10-15 year experience group (73.3%). The highest percentage of exposure in different job groups was in general practitioners (100%), obstetricians (82.4%) and anesthesia technicians (75%). 83.8% of the participants reported vaccination history and only 33% of them checked Ab titer. History of exposure with blood/body fluids (BBF) was reported by 54/5% of the participants; the most frequent method of exposure was needle sticking while taking samples or disposing of the waste. (46.5%). Exposure reporting and follow—up activities were very poor (only 12%). 59.2% of the participants reported using of gloves and 79.9% were aware of the occupational hygienic regulations. Fortunately, all participants were negative for HBS Ag and HCV Ab. In 63% of the cases, HBs-Ab level was above 10 and in 31% was above 100 international units in milliliter. The overall rate of hospital workers to exposure to BBF is high. The rate of unimmunized workers is noticeable and it is necessary to pay attention to the health of the personnel through preventive measures and following the occupational accidents. Starting an Occupational Health Center is also a necessity for every hospital.