Cell Ageing and Biotechnology

Aim and background. The ageing or senescence is a complex process involving biological changes in tissue, organ, cell and molecule levels, the eventual decline of which ultimately leads to death of organism. The mechanisms by which a cell ultimately defines the end of its life span and ceases to involve factors including genetic context, free radicals, telomerase activity, caloric restriction, waste productions, DNA methylation, glycation, stress, mtDNA mutations, damage and DNA repair, DNA-protein interactions, etc which are regarded as a new science namely Gerantology. The most important cell ageing strategies in yeast and animals are insulin signaling, metabolic flow, genome stability,telomerase activity, damage and DNA repair, histone acetylases, histone deacetylases and free radicals, but in plants phytohormones, photosynthetic machine and protein damage affect cell ageing. Age-related diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cancers, neural disorders, skin lose, etc are the cost of longevity. Nowadays, biotechnology in two aspects would help us namely for the conflicting with age-related diseases and cell ageing:1) Detection, decrease of ageing process and increase of health longevity. 2) Creation of ageing process and death in malignant, cancerous, infectious cells and assessment of treatments.In order for Biotechnology to accomplish the above cases successfully needs RNAi, Drug delivery techniques, nano materials, DNA vaccines, Recombinant antibodies, hormone, cell and gene therapy, tissue engineering and other procedures and techniques.