Effect of movement direction variation in relation to gravity on generalized motor program recruitment in fast single joint elbow movements by use of surface electromyography

The precise control of arm kinematics and kinetics as well as interaction of the arm with the external word, is an essential condition to perform skillful motor actions. Gravity has significant effect on spatial orientation, proprioception, displacement, start and stop of hand movements. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of movement direction variation in relation to gravity on generalized motor program recruitment in fast single joint elbow movement by use of surface electromyography. Fifteen volunteer students (mean age 24.8± 3.8 years) without sensory motor impairments participate in this study. Ninety percent of full range of motion at the elbow joint was used as goal degree. Subjects asked to do aimed elbow flexion as fast as possible in seven different direction in relation to gravity. While they were performing movements, surface electromyography was recorded from biceps and lateral head of triceps muscles. Relative timing, relative activity and sequence of contraction were derived from RMS. Data were analyzed by using repeated measure variance analysis. Muscle activation patterns were different in three positions from rest. There were significant difference between relative activity (p<0.001) and relative timing (p<0.003) in some positions. In fourth position, sequence of muscle contraction was different in seven subjects. It seems that change in movement direction in relation to gravity is one of effective parameters in movement planning and execution and it can recruit different generalized motor program.