مجله پژوهش های ترجمه در زبان و ادبیات عربی
پیاپی 11 (پاییز و زمستان 1393)

Each culturehas itscharacteristic and particular approach to the world around it and its interpretation of thephenomenafor various reasons، are different. ViewandverveofIranian are distinct completely even from East and adjacent cultures Therefore، the concepts taken from the Arabic culture and literature alteredgraduallyinspaceanda new culturalposition anditis fittedwith itsspecialmood. Thisresearch emphasizes on Iranians approach at accepting some concepts of Arabic language and literature in format of various forms. Evolution of signified، Evolution of symbols and aspects of Arabic culture in Persian language and literature are investigated in this article relying ondescriptive-analytical method. It seams that climate، history، believe and social systems، power relations and etc. have affected in shapingtheworldviewandway of thinking. In other words، Iranians and Arabs have not been passive in borrowing different concepts from each other and have manipulated these concepts according to their ownverve. Many of thesemetamorphoses have occurred gradually and unconsciously in translating from Arabic into Persian and vice versa and nowadays we can use them consciously in communicative translations. These researches teaches to translators linguistic and ethnic delicacies that neglecting of it mayreduce from distinctness and delighting of work and give it translation flavor.

Perhaps devoting of human affairs to machines is a distinctive feature of the new era; an era in which human beings with their extensive inventions، is seeking to resolve of the advanced difficulties facing life، humanneeds and devoting of it to machines that their productivity is higher and more accurate than humans. In spite of this، the man’s grandiloquence is to the extentthat seeks to devolve somespecial features ofhuman to machine such as thinking، perception،analysisand…. Need to translatation from different languagesin the shortest time possible is one of mankind''s growing needsin the age of communication and speed. Therefore، the devoting of translation to the machine in the modern era is one of special efforts of some scientific fields such as artificial intelligenceand computational linguistics and…. The variable experiences of this idea have challenged its success even in similar languages. This article attempts to offer and analyze different types of challenges in machine translation from Arabic to Farsi with theanalytical approach and reference to the position and quantity of prevalence of this type of translation between the two mentioned languages and it shows that there are special challenges in the Arabic language about machine translation with absolute attitude to it and many other languages do not have those challenges; including of ambiguity in the text or vocabularies and the syntax issue. Thus، perhaps the machine translation of a language such as Arabic into Persian is one of the tougheststages in the evolution ofauniversaltranslationmachine.

The style of praise and blame is one of thespecificstructuresin Arabic language and it relatively widely is used in the Quran. In this studywetried to study and express the structure and purposes and its function and we will analyze some verses with mentioned structure. In this research، we found that although this structure has no equivalent in Persian، but we can find some grammatical structures and compositions in Persian which state its themes and objectives. Since this structure sometimes expresses speaker''s surprise and wonder. Structures such as: “what’’، “what + Positive adjective’’ and “what + adjectival composition’’canplay arole inthe transmission ofthis theme. On the other hand، because verbs praise and blame are emotional، structures such as positive adjectives، adjectival superlatives and adjectival composition would bean appropriateequivalentfor expressing of thespiritual meaning. Also، since the structure of the source language has the concept of hyperbole andgrandiosity. Sometimes، multiplicity adverbs such as “so’’، “so many’’، “hard’’، “adverb+ Positive adjective’’ and “adverb+ adjectival composition’’can be usedas a suitable equivalentto expressthis theme in the target language. But by studying of translation of thisstructure in the translation of some contemporary translators، we found that there is no any coordination in theselectionofequivalents by thetranslators and thisimbalanceisclearly seenin the choice of words by a translator.

Quran''s expressive style is so that it is only possible to present its deep meaning by addition of interpretive phrasesand we can''t understand it completely. Therefore، withall theefforts ofwritersandtranslators، they are not accountable to readers. it is because of succinct verses that their implications are not clear. Thus، translatorshave used visible and specific additions in their translation for an explanation of some verses. Most of theseadditions have applied according to the commentaries and books of Asbab al-Nuzul or theological andintensifyingissues. This articleanalyzes and scrutinizes expository additions of some verses ofsurat al-Isra in six translation according to theinterpretationsandtraditions (Ahadith). These translations are including Ellahi Gomshei، Khorramshahi، Safarzadeh، Fuladvand، Meshkini and Makareme Shirazi. First، we found verses and their translations and then we have mentioned interpretive theoriesforexplainingtranslator''s method. Finally، our analysis was based on interpretations about each verse. Expository additions play an important part in verse understanding and proper attention to this issue will pave the way for contemporary translations that can express great concepts of the Holy Quran in translation.

One of the current challenges of translation is translating of ironic statements from the source language to the target language. In the field oflanguage skills، it is clearto all unique roles of literary arrays especially the imaginative images such as simile، metaphor،metonym and their importancein more influencing on the addressee. However، thetranslation ofphrasesthat have connotations requiresspecialattention. Nowadays translator requires complete mastery of both origin and destination language in the translationformeeting the challengesahead. The sermons of the Nahjul Balaghah are a perfect example of the best literaryinterpretations and artistic imagery that in this article، Wehaveanalyzed five famous Persian translation of Nahjul Balaghah including Dashti، Ayati، Makarem Shirazi، Shahidi and Feyzoleslam translations. In this article، after a brief introduction to the concepts of metonym and translation theories or approaches، we will mention various methods of translation ofironicstatements and compare them together. Then we will study translationinnuendo“the world’’comparatively based onthe abovetranslations. The results show that we can not chooseatranslationto the others absolutely، but we can found partly the reason for the translation of ironic expressions in some versions of other translation. In spite of this، we can say briefly the translators have tended more to semantic and literal translation intranslating of sentences with irony of adjectivedue to thespecific languagetarget languageand they also tend to a literal translation in translation of the irony of noun. Therefore، they have chosenan expressive and suitableequivalent and sometimes there are relatively weak translation for lack of attention tosyntaxandrhetoricalsentence.

The innuendo is one of important methods of expression in all languages and it has used widely in language and literature of all peoples، including the Arab nation. considering that the Quran speaks in the language of their people، has benefited from all of expressive elements especially innuendo for expressing different purposes. In this article، we analyze six innuendoes in the Holy Quran; the innuendoes that some translators or interpreters have interpreted it so that most Persian speakers can’t understand the meaning of the verses by studying them. After mentioning the verse، we''ve expressed commentators'' comments about the ironic phrases in that verse، thenby“describing and analyzing’’ method،andaccordingto reliable sources and review of Fouladvand and Ayati''s translations، the preferred mean of ironies is explained as the main purpose of this article. The necessity ofthis research is the failure in the translations of some commentators، pay attention to only literal meaning in some contemporary translations and sometimes lacking of full understanding ironic meaning of the verse.