نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیستم شماره 6 (پیاپی 101، شهریور 1394)

Jaundice is one of the most significant problems to consider in the neonatal period. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of oral zinc sulfate on uncomplicated neonatal jaundice using comparison of effect of just phototherapy with the effect of combination of phototherapy and oral zinc sulfate. The present double blind randomized clinical trial was carried out on 78 normal term neonates with the age of 2-7 days who were admitted for uncomplicated jaundice in neonatal ward of Imam Sajjad Hospital of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. These infants were divided to experimental group (40 cases) and control group (38 cases) using block random allocation. In the control group, phototherapy was done alone and experimental group received elemental zinc orally as 10 mg daily for 5 days in combination with phototherapy. The total bilirubin serum levels were measured at the beginning of the study, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours after the beginning of the study, discharge, and one week after discharge. The collected data were analyzed by the Chi Square test, independent t-test, and analysis of variance with repeated measurement. There were no significant statistical difference between the experimental group and control group in sex, age, birth weight, hemoglobin, reticulocyte percentage, G6PD deficiency, and of serum total bilirubin level at the beginning of study(p>0.05). Analysis of variance with repeated measurement showed that there were no significant statistical difference between the total bilirubin serum level at 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours after beginning of the study, discharge, and one week after discharge (p>0.05). Also, the mean of hospitalization duration was not significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). Although oral zinc salts inhibit the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin, however probably not effective in the treatment of neonatal physiologic jaundice. Due to lack of human studies on the effect of oral zinc salts, further studies are recommended.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been widely used in many technologies to produce medical devices, food technology and textiles. Silver nanoparticles may be absorbed through the lungs and intestine into circulation and thus may reach such organs as the liver, kidney, spleen, heart and testes and brain. It has been demonstrated that silver nanoparticles may have toxic effects on mammalian cells. There are some alarming reports on the adverse effects of silver nanoparticles on reproduction of experimental animals. Exposure to silver nanoparticles may exert a neurotoxic effect and affect cognitive functions, causing the impairment of short-term and working memory. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of Ag NP on the learning and memory of rats. The present experimental study was conducted on forty male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250 g which were divided into five groups of eight as follows: control group and 4 groups of treatment. Control group rats received saline and treatment group’s rats received Ag NP at doses of 50, 250,500 and 1000 mg/ kg/ day using Intra Peritoneal injection (IP) for 14 days. One day after the last injection, the learning and memory function in the rats was examined by the passive avoidance task. Measure of memory and learning were assessed using One-Way ANOVA by SPSS using the Tukey 's test. The results showed that Ag NP at dose of 50, 250, 500 mg/kg made no significant change in the STL (step-through latency) and TDC (Time in Dark Compartment), compared to the control group in the passive avoidance task. Despite, Ag NP at dose of 1000 mg/kg significantly reduced the STL (p<0.01) and increased TDC (p<0.001), but no significant change in the number of trials (p>0.05) compared to the control group. These data suggest that ip microinjection of Ag NP could impair learning and memory at high doses.

Adipokines, including omentin and chemerin, are cytokines that are mainly secreted by adipose tissue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of intense aerobic exercise on chemerin and omentin plasma levels in female Sprague Dawely rats. In the present experimental study, 35 two-month old Sprague Dawely rats were randomly divided into two groups: control (15 rats) and training (20 rats). The training program included aerobic exercises which were conducted increasingly five times a week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken 24 h after the last training session. After eight weeks, an independent t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. The results showed that there was significant difference between omentin serum levels (p=0.012) and chemerin serum levels (p=0.003) in rats that had undergone exercises with high intensity program as compared to the control group. In addition, no significant correlation was observed between omentin and chemerin levels (p=0.08). According to the results of the present study as well as the importance of omentin and chemerin level changes, it seems that the training time must be more than 8 weeks and the exercise intensity should be tailored to the individual's fitness level. Otherwise, subjects are not able to perform the exercise program properly.

Aims and The environmental procarcinogen hypothesis of tumour pathogenesis proposes that many carcinogens require metabolic activation by drug metabolizing enzymes to form the proximate carcinogen. CYP3A enzyme catalyzes the conversion of numerous numbers of xenobiotics including carcinogens and drugs and it is involved in metabolic pathways of activation of procarcinogens and/or inactivation of carcinogens during the tumorigenic processes. CYP3A5 is expressed polymorphically in human liver, but consistently in lung, colon, and kidney. An allelic variant of A to G (A6986G) transition causes CYP3A5*3 variant and this polymorphic expression confers low CYP3A5 protein expression as a result of improper mRNA splicing and reduced translation of a functional protein. The purpose of this study was to analysis the frequency of mutations in CYP3A5 gene and to determine the role of its polymorphisms in bladder cancer patients. For this purpose, PCR-RFLP analysis of the gene was on 113 bladder cancer patients and same number of age-matched controls admitted to Hashemi Nezhad Hospital was performed. Then the data was analyzed using the computer software SPSS for windows (version 19). The incidence of CYP3A5*3 allele was more in patients and control group compared with the wild type (CYP3A5*1). It was 79.6% and 75.2% in patients and controls respectively which indicated that the mutant allele of CYP3A5*3 was more in the studied population with an OR of 1.837 (95% CI=0.975-3.460, P= 0.62). Also there was found that the frequency of both alleles were high in female compared with male. There was no significant association between the risk of bladder cancer for individuals carrying the CYP3A5*3 genotype.

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is a common disease affecting more than 75% of all women at least once in their lifetime. Various factors, including genetic and immunology factors, plays an important role in this disease. IL-18 is an important cytokine in immune system and has several polymorphisms in the promoter region. This study attempted to evaluate associations between IL-18 gene polymorphisms in patients with acute Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. In the present case-control study, a total of 100 women with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and 100 healthy women in Iran were examined. DNA was extracted by saluting out method and Single nucleotide Polymorphisms of the IL-18 gene at positions -607 (C/A) and -137 (G/C) were analyzed by the Allele-specific PCR method and data were compared in both groups by using Pearson’s chi-square test and to investigate that the genotypes study in the position followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, was assessed by the Arlequin 3.1. The results of this study showed that the frequency of genotypes of polymorphic position -607 C / A; IL-18 genes were not significantly different in patients with vaginal Candidiasis and the control group P> 0.05. On the other hand, in patients, there was an association with a significant increase in the C allele and CC genotype, of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at position-137G/C in the IL-18 gene promoter and Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (P< 0.05). Due to the fact that an increase in the expression of CC genotype and allele C, can lead to reduction of Interleukin-18 gene promoter activity and according to the impact of that activity of this cytokine can lead to Th1 system, it seems that the promoter activity of this gene may lead to reduced activity of the immune system and as a result be prone to vaginal Candidiasis.

The prevalence of anxiety in women and men are different. This indicates the influence of sex hormones on anxiety. Furthermore, oxidative stress leads to anxiety. Because of conflicting reports about the effects of progesterone on anxiety, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of anxiogenic or anexiolytic effects of different doses of progesterone in the absence or presence of vitamin c. In the present study, 63 male rats were divided in nine groups including: control, sham (sesame oil as a progesterone solvent), 3 groups of the progesterone (5, 10 and 30 mg/kg), vitamin c (80 mg / kg), 3 groups of different doses of progesterone plus vitamin c (80 mg/kg). Period of intraperitoneal injection was 5 days. Elevated plus maze was used for studying the anxiety related behavior in the first and fifth days. Data analysis was performed by using One-Way ANOVA. A low dose of progesterone (5 mg/kg) had anxiogenic effect (p <0.05). However, the two other doses (10, 30 mg/kg) had anxiolytic effects which increased the open arm entry (p <0.05). Vitamin C (80mg/kg) alone and as a pretreatment of progesterone (5, 10, 30 mg/kg) reduced anxiety (p <0.01). It seemed that a low dose of progesterone had an anxiogenic effect and at the high doses, progesterone had anxiolytic effect. Moreover, vitamin c as an antioxidant may improve the anxiolytic effects of progesterone, especially in high doses.

Prevalence of diseases caused by consumption of contaminated food has always been a problem all over the world, and every year spent on improving the disease is costly.Cream suit, Ice cream & olowye for ingredient substance and manufacture & preservation conditional have very high possibility for contamination.The aim of this study is Microbial contamination determination of Cream suit, Traditional Ice Cream and Olovia in Yasuj City This study is randomized cross sectional study was performed on 64 samples.The samples were taken from the ice cream and confectionery shops in Yasuj city and keep on cold box then the samples were transported in sterile conditions, to the department of medical microbiology laboratory in medical university of yasuj and microbial contamination rate evaluated by national standard method. Collected data analysed with SPSS software for data description,from central dispersion and table frequency and draw chart. The survey results showed that 40% o traditional ice cream,cream suit were infected by Staph aurous, Escherichia coli and salmonella respectly (6.7,87 and 0),(50,30 and 0).(0,0 and0) present, and no seen any bacteria on olowye. Due to our research contamination rate traditional ice cream,cream suit and olowye were by Staph aurous, Escherichia coli and salmonella were very high. therefore using different ways to control bacterial growth especaly E.coli the mostly transmited by fecal oral including the use of healthly and safe raw material for promoting health awareness of people involved in the food preparation and production is essential.

Objective & Today, divorce and marital turmoil is increasing. Understanding the factors leading to chaos and the disintegration of family relationships is important. This study aimed to explore the effect of enriching relations between spouses, the couple's emotional security and marital conflicts. In the present interventional-analytical study, ten different offices were randomly selected. Of people who scored high on marital conflict and emotional security, and also those who gained low scores under 40 were divided randomly into two groups. Seven relations enriching group training sessions were held for the spouses. At the end of the training sessions, both groups were evaluated by emotional security questionnaires by Brunner et al. (2008), marital conflict Sanaei and Barati (1996). Covariance analysis and multivariate analysis of variance, analysis of the results of the marital conflict, mean and standard deviation of pre couple's marital conflict experimental and control groups were (20/15) and 20/145 (64/16) 70/143 respectively. The test score in two groups were (60/12) and 80/64 (17.4) and 70/143 respectively. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance components of marital conflict on test scores of experimental and control groups and the control effect of pre-test showed that Pylayy effect, Wilks Lambda test, Hotelling effect on the root of F=4.47 and degrees of freedom 7 levels significantly in p=0.0001 Effect of married couples was significant in reducing aggression. Enrichment relations education for spouses may significantly reduce parameters of marital conflicts.