فصلنامه سالمند
پیاپی 38 (پاییز 1394)

This article aims to identifying social¡ cultural¡ economic¡ wellbeing¡ and urban structure needs of Tehran Seniors Association members and recognizing their current conditions in 8 areas with respect to WHO project on an age-friendly city indexes.
Methods & Materials: Four hundred members of Tehran Seniors Association who lived in Tehran were selected by random sampling method (276 women and 124 men with the mean age of 63 years) to participate in this descriptive-inferential study. Data were collected using a questionnaire¡ including inferential and descriptive parts. The descriptive part was divided into demographic characteristics with 12 questions and elders’ needs in 8 areas or 75 indexes. Scoring was conducted based on a 1 to 5 scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS.
In the area of open spaces and buildings¡ the highest score belonged to “cleanness of public areas” and the lowest score to “providing special services in stores and banks” (mean scores of 2.50 and 1.65¡ respectively. Regarding transportation area¡ the highest score went to “appropriate installment of traffic signs at cross-roads” and the lowest score to “seniors specific transportation” (mean scores of 3.03 and 1.58¡ respectively). Concerning housing¡ “suitability of interior design” got the highest score and “affordable and adequate housing” got the lowest one (mean scores of 1.93 and 1.51¡ respectively). Regarding social participation¡ “allowance of proper time to seniors special occasions” and “aiding elders at risk of social isolation” (mean scores of 2.88 and 2.07¡ resectively) got the maximum and minimum scores. Considering respect and socialization¡ “positive attitude toward elders in mass media” and “looking for elders’ advices on how to serve them better in commercial centers” (mean scores of 2.84 and1.74¡ respectively) gained the highest and lowest scores¡ respectively. Concerning citizenship participation and employment¡ the highest score belonged to “training senior employees for post-retirement jobs” and the lowest scores to “supporting self-employment opportunities for elders” (mean scores of 2.87 and 1.75¡ respectively). Regarding information and communication¡ “the feasibility of having oral communication” had the highest score and “free and open access of elders to computer and the Internet” (mean scores of 2.33 and 1.77¡ respectively) had the lowest score. finally¡ regarding social support and health services¡ “supporting and encourAgeing voluntary services” and “inclusion of both housekeeping services and health care in home care services” (mean scores of 2.23 and 1.78¡ respectively) scored as maximum and minimum.
Among the 8 areas¡ the mean elders’ assessment regarding the extent of their needs was less than the mean value (2.11). With some compromise¡ “social participation” was the only area that approached mean the value and “Housing” area has got the lowest score. In other words¡ elders’ need for housing was their main issue as compared to their other demands.

Senility and reduction of physical activities usually cause undesirable physical and even mental effects on the adults. Since physical activities can improve physical even mental condition¡ and consequently bring about more independence for adults¡ the purpose of this paper was to find out the effects of some of yoga practices on some factors of physical preparation in the elderly.
Methods & Materials: A total of 45 elderly women (age: 646.12 y¡ height: 162.5010.21 cm¡ weight: 63.219.71 kg)¡ all enjoying general health were selected through convenience sampling method to take part in this test. In this study¡ the Sharpened Romberg test (with open and closed eyes)¡ acquiring operation test¡ timed up and go (TUG) test¡ number of arm flexion for 30 seconds test¡ number of takeoff and landing chair¡ getting hands together from behind¡ number of sitting and rising of the chair test¡ were used for measuring the static balance¡ dynamic balance¡ agility¡ upper organ¡ strength of lower organ¡ inflection of upper organ¡ trunk and lower organ¡ respectively. These tests were performed before and after the program. Data analysis was performed by variance analysis test and t relevant (at significant level P).
Research findings showed that yoga exercises for 6 weeks significantly affected the static and dynamic balances with eyes open and closed¡ agility¡ upper and lower extremity muscle strength¡ flexibility¡ upper and lower extremities.
Yoga (Hatha yoga) may have positive effects on physical fitness of the elderly. These effects include improving strength in the upper and lower extremity¡ static and dynamic balances¡ and agility.

Balance functions play a significant role in routine life of the elderly¡ especially in reducing the risk of their falling. The aim of this research was to investigate static and dynamic balance of healthy elderly men during different hours of the day.
Methods & Materials: For this purpose¡ 10 old men with the mean (SD) age of 69.45 (3.23) years participated voluntarily in this study. Then¡ static and dynamic balance functions of the subjects were evaluated with the stork stand and star excursion balance test at the day hours of 8¡ 12¡ 16¡ and 20.
Results of analysis variance indicated no significant effects of hour’s day on closed eye static balance and dynamic balance of the elderly. But¡ the open eye static balance test results at 16 hour (8.37 s) was significantly (P=0.018) higher than 8 hour (6.25 s).
According to the results of this research¡ there is no recommendation on optimum time for doing balance training but it is better for the elderly that pay attention more to extrinsic falling factor such as surface of walking track at about 8 o’clock.

Social participation is an important aspect of health in ageing. It is also a part of life and a key element in function that improves physical and psychological health in the elderly. Using assistive mobility devices may influence social participation in this population. Current study aimed to compare social participation in older adults who use assistive mobility devices with those who do not use assistive devices in Tehran.
Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study¡ older adults with and without assistive mobility devices were comprised in their social participation. Seventy-nine old age adults (39 women and 40 men) who were 60 years or older were recruited using convenience sampling method. They completed life habit¡ mini mental state and demographic questionnaires. For analyzing continuous data with normal distribution¡ t test and ANOVA were used¡ while Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for categorical variables or those with non-normal distribution.
The finding indicates that older adults with assistive mobility devices engage less in social participation than those who do not use these devices (P Type of assistive device affects social participation in older adults. The results suggest that older adults with higher physical ability have higher social participation. Older adults who use assistive devices face with more limitations to participate socially in their community. It is necessary for rehabilitation team to pay attention in improving social participation of older adults.

Aging is associated with a number of physiologic and functional declines that can contribute to increased disability, frailty, and falls. Therefore The purpose of present study was to compare the effect of balance, strength and combined training on balance (overall, Anterior-posterior, Medial-lateral) in elderly women. Twenty four untrained older adults were selected voluntarily and randomly assigned into three groups: balance (n= 8), strength (n= 8) and combined (n= 8). An 6 week exercise program was performed at shahid beheshti university. The program was performed 3 days per week. Before and after implementation of exercise program The status of subject's balance was measured by Biodex Stability System. The data were analyzed using tow- way analysis of variance (group × time ANOVA) with repeated measures on time, paired – sample t test, one – way ANOVA and Bonferroni post – hoc test (p&le 0.05). The end of training programs there was a significant difference in the score of Overall, Anterior – Posterior and Medial – Lateral balance in the balance and combined groups and there was a significant in score of Anterior- Posterior and Medial- Lateral in the strength group compared to the beginning of the study. There was a significant difference in the score of Overall and Anterior- Posterior balance in the balance and combined groups compared with strength group after exercise program and there wasnt a significant difference in the score of Medial- Lateral balance in the three groups. The study showed that perturbation – based training and combined training had the best effect compared with strength training.

Today, participation in physical activity is proposed to improve symptoms of chronic diseases such as osteoarthritis. In this research,we aimed to evaluate the effect of aquatic exercise therapy on quality of life in women with knee osteoarthritis. It was a counter-balance design study. By the use of random sampling, 30 females (aged 40 to 74 years) with KO were assigned into two equal experimental groups. The standard questionnaire of "Knee injury and Osteo‌arthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)" was used to capture 5 concepts, namely symptoms, pain, functions related to daily living, functions related to sports and recreational activities, and quality of life. During the first eight-week (between pre and mid tests), the first group had no training, whilst the second group carried out their own exercise program. During the second eight-week (between mid and post tests), the training position of groups was reversed. In other words, both groups used the same training program for 8 weeks, but the periodizations of the programs were different. Using SPSS software, data was statistically analyzed by repeated meseaure ANOVA. The results of both experimental groups were the same, indicating that a) 8 weeks of untraining led to variation in none of 5 dimensions of KOOS, b) AET led to improvement of all dimensions of KOOS, and c) disrupt of AET led to retreat of achievements. These findings were similar to those obtained by functional tests (p =0.000). The results showed that the program used in this study is useful for patients with knee osteoarthritis and led to improvement of their quality of life. Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis, Aquatic exercise therapy, KOOS questionnaire (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score).

The purpose of current study was to study and compare the musculoskeletal profile of the elderly with and without the history of falling living at nursing homes in Rasht, Iran.
Methods & Materials: A total of 54 elderly men and women, aged 60 years and older participated in this study. Of them, 16 (fall group) experienced a fall in the previous year (Mean (SD) of age, 79 (9.90) years; height, 1.51 (0.103) m; and weight 60.03 (11.12) kg) and 38 (no fall group) had no history of falling (Mean (SD) of age, 70.16 (8.16) years; height 1.56 (0.11) m; and weight 65.6 (14.93) kg). The foot arch, distance between femoral condyles, kyphosis, lordosis, flexibility and the ability to walk were measured by ruler, caliper, flexible ruler, sit and reach test, and functional gait assessment questionnaires, respectively. Data analysis was done through independent t-test using SPSS. Study significance level was set at 0.05.
In the fall group the mean (SD) of measured variables were as follows: body mass index (BMI), 25.95 (3.35) kg/m2; foot arch 9.94 (4.34) mm; flexibility, 8.25 (6.38) cm, lordosis 20.86 (9.48) degree; kyphosis 35.07 (14.98) degree. And in no fall group, the same variables were as follows: BMI, 26.87 (5.12) kg/m2; foot arch 10.95 (5.60) mm; flexibility 8.16 (5.24) cm; lordosis 26.66 (14.78) degree; and kyphosis, 41.11 (9.84) degree. These variables were not significantly different between the groups; however, the functional gait assessment and distance between femoral condyles test showed significant differences. In the group with a history of fall, the functional gait assessment and distance between femoral condyles were 12.50 (7.07) and 2.74 (2.38) cm and in the group without a history of fall functional gait assessment and distance between femoral condyles were 23.63 (5.49) and 1.20 (1.4) cm, respectively. According to the results, in the fall group, the distance between femoral condyles was more and the performance level was less (P≤0.05).
Results showed that none of the variables of foot arch, flexibility, lordosis, and kyphosis were significantly different between 2 groups and were not risk factors for falling among older people. While the distance between femoral condyles and functional gait assessment in 2 groups were significantly different. It seems that functional gait assessment test and the distance between two condyles were the best indexes for the distinction between 2 groups. Perhaps, this method can be used as an appropriate way for predicting and consequently preventing the elderly from falling.

cognitive errors and negative attitudes toward self, world and future elderly is a common problem that causes loss of efficiency, quality of life and increased mortality. This study compares the triangle cognitive (negative attitude toward the self, world, and future) in elderly homes and nursing homes was carried out. This study causal - comparative and 40 elderly (20 home residents and 20 living in nursing) were selected for sampling. Cognitive triad Inventory (CTI) was performed on the elderly. The data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The mean age of participants was 16 ± 68 years. Results showed that among elderly people in nursing homes and home In their attitude toward (P<0.001 & F=229.87) attitude toward the world (P<0.001 & F=138.41) and attitudes towards the future (P<0.001 & F=151.62) there was a significant difference. Discussion and Cognitive impairment in elderly residents of nursing homes for the elderly living at home was significantly greater, that is the attitude of elderly people in their home, and the next world is better than the elderly living in nursing homes. Practical results of this study can be applied in future studies is that Cognitive rehabilitation can be considered as a treatment for the elderly negative attitude.

In future decade¡ the number of elder people is projected to increase and health promotion of this age group will be insufficient in the coming years. Recent geriatric research show¡ the elder mortality rate will increase with advancing age and inversely related to their life style status. In this descriptive study¡ we examined the relationship between elder life style and their general health status.
Methods & Materials: We studied four hundred elder participants in five region of Tehran capital city with applying randomized multistage sampling of these geographical clusters in a cross-sectional research design. In this study¡ data was gathered by life style and general health questionnaires. The Life style questionnaire includes physical activity¡ nutrition¡ interpersonal¡ social¡ stress prevention and management subscales and general health was measured with 28 item General Health (GHQ) questionnaire.
According to the finding of this study¡ majority (95%) of Tehran elder population had a moderate lifestyle ranking and the results of multiple regression analysis show that there was a significant relationship between lifestyle dimensions and general health subscales. In this regard¡ we enface with a inverse significant relationship (P Moderate lifestyle ranking of elder in the region of study and especial demands of this growing population needs to further investigated and applying various strategies for promoting lifestyle changes¡ health and better elder quality of life.

Retirement impacts different dimensions of life such as physical, psychological, social, economical and spiritual aspects. Since identification of the factors which promote or compress health situation of the retiree is important this study aimed to determine the level of retirement syndrome in Babol retiree. Method & Materials: This study was conducted among 205 retirees over 50. Data was gathered by a questionnaire consisting of 2 sections demographic characteristics and retirement syndrome measurement. Retirement syndrome questionnaire consisted of 40 questions in 5 point scale with 4 dimensions including helplessness and failure older and idleness, trying and new directions and conflict and confusion. Data was analyzed by SPSS. 53% of the participant s were male and 46.8% female with average age 61.13 ± 5.87. Mean and standard deviation of helplessness and failure older and idleness, trying and new directions and conflict and confusion were 2.08 ±. 52, 3.73 ±. 51, 3.47 ±. 65 and 2.49 ±. 56 respectively. There were a direct significant association between feeling helplessness and conflict and confusion (p <. 0001) and a reverse relationship between older, and idleness and trying and new directions (p <. 0001). Finding of this research showed that retiree suffer from retirement syndrome fairly. Therefore, making attention to them and promotion of the retiree situation seems essential.

The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and subjective wellbeing in the elderly referring to rehabilitation day centers in Tehran Province. This is a cross-sectional and correlational study. The study population was all the elderly referring to the rehabilitation day centers in Tehran Province. The sample size was 147 which were selected by random cluster sampling. To gather the data, Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire, Philadelphia Morale Scale and a Socio-demographic questionnaire were use. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, chi-square, Independent t-test, Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA used for data analysis. 80 (54.4 %) of sample were male. The mean age of older adults was 71.9 years (SD: 5.09) and mean of subjective wellbeing was 8.65 (SD: 2.28). The relationship between social support and subjective wellbeing was statistically significant (P=0.002, r=0.273). The findings showed significant relationship between social support and subjective wellbeing. It seems that having high social support will lead to better subjective wellbeing.

The purpose of this study was to design an Iranian cultural adaptable questionnaire for the assessment of self-care in the elderly.
Methods & Materials: This methodological study was conducted in 2 phases. In the first phase¡ items and primary categories of the new instrument were identified from the review of the studies based on Orem’s theory. In the second phase¡ the psychometric properties of the instrument such as face validity¡ content validity¡ construct validity¡ and internal consistency were determined. In this phase¡ 225 elderly people in Uremia City¡ Iran were randomly selected from nursing homes and the Elderly Center of Uremia to participate in the study.
Forty-five items of the questionnaire were identified from the review of the studies based on Orem’s theory. After determining face and content validity in qualitative and quantitative terms¡ the questionnaire items reduced to 40. The results of the exploratory factor analysis on the questionnaire indicated the existence of 5 factors. These 5 factors explained nearly 79.936% of the variance of the questionnaire. Also¡ the internal consistency (Cronbach α) was 0.864.
Based on the results¡ we concluded that the assessment self-care questionnaire for the elderly with 40 items appears to be a promising tool and provides reliable and valid data helping to determine elderly self-care in different settings such as clinical setting and research environments by health care providers.

Anomia is one of the most common problems that aphasic patients and therapists are involved with it. Because of the disruptive effect of anomia on communicative efficiency of aphasic patients¡ this study aimed at examining the effect of errorless naming treatment on naming ability in an aphasic patient.
Methods & Materials: The subject was selected using purposeful sampling method. This interventional single-subject study with ABA design was implemented on a 69-year-old woman with moderate Broca’s aphasia and phonological errors. The participant was a literate¡ right-handed Persian speaking patient with neither severe motor speech disorder nor significant auditory comprehension deficits. The patient underwent 10 sessions of treatment using errorless naming treatment protocol (Raymer et al.¡ 2012). Based on this method¡ the patient was given multiple opportunities to rehearse the correct name of a picture supported by repetition and oral reading¡ while avoiding production of errors during training.
The effect size in confrontational naming task after intervention in this patient for trained and control words were 5.42 and 2.38¡ respectively. The linear trend line of correct responses percentage of trained and control words were 7.6 and 4.15¡ respectively. Improvements in the trained and control word sets remained at a higher level than baseline¡ one week later. Also improvements in Persian WAB and naming tests were noticed in posttreatment period.
As a result of errorless naming treatment in the current study¡ the patient showed significant improvements in naming of trained words but generalization was not noticeable for control words. Based on this finding¡ this method might be useful as a therapeutic protocol in Persian speaking aphasic patients with anomia.

Despite scientific advances taking place in the medical field, and increased life expectancy in modern societies, we have witnessed a significant growth in the elderly population in recent decades have been. Adults of different risks and different from other age groups are facing. This study was designed to assess quality of life, depression, and activities of daily living in older adults was conducted in 91 villages in Birjand city. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 elderly in the rural city of Birjand. Data collection The World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire, 26-item, 15-item geriatric depression scale (GDS), 6 items daily living activities (ADL) 7-item questionnaire with activities of daily living (IADL) has been. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19 and the values ​​of p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. The mean quality of life (4/10 ± 9/77) and the mean (SD) depression (9/2 ± 5/5), the mean and standard deviation of daily life activities by means of (5/1 ± 5/6) mean and standard deviation of daily living and instrumental activities (3 ± 12), respectively. Cleans demographic variables, physical activity and sport, education, marital status, depression and daily activities with and without the quality of life was statistically significant (05/0p ≤). Significant relationship between quality of life and depressive strong Vmkvs (56/0- (R = activities of daily living without the (32/0- (R = a means (39/0- (R = quality of life and a significant inverse relationship was observed. The results showed that the activities of daily living improves quality of life and reduce depression. Thus the official of the health care system must work to create an environment and programs tailored to the cortex in town and country

The goal of this study was to compare the effect of 8 weeks aerobic exercise with resistance training on Brain-derived neurotrophic factor level of old men.
Methods & Materials: In this semi-experimental study¡ a total of 30 elderly men were selected from worldly-wise club of Broujen City¡ Iran and randomly divided into 3 groups of aerobic training¡ resistance training¡ and control (each 10 people). All participants filled the health questionnaire and testimonial. Then¡ the balance tests and fasting blood was taken. The aerobic and resistance training group trained for 8 weeks¡ 3 sessions per week¡ 1 to 1.5 hours in each session. The aerobic training was with 40% to 70% of maximum heart rate and the resistance training was with 45% to 65% of one RM. During of this time¡ the control group did no training. After 8 weeks¡ the balance test was administered and blood samples were taken.
Findings were analyzed with test variance analyzing at 0.05. The results showed there was a significant difference between aerobic and resistance training regarding brain-derived neurotrophic factor level (P0.05).
The results show that both aerobic exercise and resistance increase serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels.

Vascular endothelial cells play an important role in the regulation of vascular vessels with active substances¡ such as vascular endothelial growth factor are responsible. The present study tried to investigate the effect of resistance training on the density of old women’s endothelial growth factor.
Methods & Materials: Twenty-four postmenopausal women (age Mean±SD=67.37±6.02¡ height=153.02±8.12¡ weight=65.78±12.03¡ BMI=26.87±4.16¡ fat=18.61±3.65¡ and WHR=0.92±0.4) were purposefully chosen and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Each group consisted of 12 women. Experimental group did resistance training for eight weeks as follows: three sessions per week with 40% to 65% intensity of a maximum repetition and 5% overload after each 6 sessions. Before and after 8 weeks of training¡ resting levels of vascular endothelial growth factor’s density was measured and recorded. The normality of the data was determined by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Paired samples t test was run for within group variations and independent samples t test was run for between groups’ variations. The significant level was lower than 0.05.
average and standard deviation of before and after eight weeks concentration of tour vascular endothelial growth inn control group was respectively 26.61±3.62¡ 25.72±2.88 and also in experimental group was 23.81±2.18¡ 26.48±4.48¡ 23.81±2.18 respectively; therefore the mean differences of vascular endothelial growth factor was significant in pretest and posttest of experimental group (P=0.015) while it wasn’t significant in control group P=0.862.
The results showed the significant effect of resistance training on the reduction of the density of vascular endothelial growth factor of the old women’s plasma (P=0.019).

Social participation is an important aspect of health in aging. It is also a part of life and key element in function that improves physical and psychological health in elderly.It is possible that usage of assistive mobility device impacts social participation in this population. Current study aims to compare social participation in older adults who use assistive mobility devices with those who do not use assistive devices in Tehran. In this cross sectional study, older adults with and without assistive mobility device were comprised in their social participation. Seventy nine older adult (39 females and 40 men) who were 60 years old or older were recruited using convenient sampling. They completed life habit, Mini Mental State and demographic questionnaires. For analyzing continuous data with normal distribution, t-test and ANOVA were used while Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for categorical variable or those with non-normal distribution. The finding indicates that older adults with assistive mobility device engage less in social participation than those who do not use these devices (p< 0.05). Older adults in age group of 60-74 had higher social participation in comparison with those in 75-89 age group (p< 0.05). There was no different between male and females, and single older adults and those who were married in their social participation. Type of assistive device affects social participation in older adults. The results suggest that older adult with higher physical ability have higher social participation. Older adults who use assistive devices face with more limitations to participation in their community. It is necessary for team of rehabilitation to pay attention to improving social participation for older adults.

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Reality therapy on the happiness of elderly people. This is an experimental study with a pre-test- post-test design and control group. Sample of the study selected from elderly members of Mandegaran Club in Ardebil city. 50 older were evaluated according to inclusion/ exclusion criteria and 30 participants selected and divided into 2 equal groups randomly. Oxford Happiness Scale was administered to both. Reality therapy sessions for the intervention group were administered in 80 minutes 2 session in any week for 4 successive weeks. The post-test data collected after the last session and also doing a follow up after the one month later. Data analyzed by using Analysis of variance with repeated measure for independent groups. Analysis of variance results showed that the mean difference between the two groups were significant (P<0.05) and Reality therapy increased the happiness of intervention group significantly. Happiness scores of intervention group in all sub-scales were also significantly higher in post-test compared to control group (p<0.001). The results showed that Reality therapy can be helpful in enhancing positive emotions and happiness in older people. Implementation of Reality therapy sessions in nursing homes, and retirement centers are recommended.

this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention on the Trans-theoretical Model in the promotion of physical activity in older men. This study was a clinical trial on 140 elderly retired member of the Association of Qom، a random selection of properties in the control and intervention groups. Trans-theoretical Model model-based tools used questionnaires and physical activity questionnaire was aged Champs. To analyze the results of chi - square and analysis of variance with repeated data in SPSS version 18 is used. This study was approved by the site IRCT number IRCT201407208742N5. Before the intervention and control groups in terms of demographic variables and physical activity showed no significant difference (p<0/05). Average score for the elderly physical activity intervention group before training، after training for one month and six months after training were significantly different (p<0/001). The mean score on the questionnaire structure-based model of education in this group had no significant difference (p˂0/05). Control group، a significant difference in the mean score of physical activity questionnaire structures there. Based on the findings of research conducted on the Trans-theoretical Model in promoting physical activity intervention is effective and valid، and the Trans-theoretical Model can be useful in this context. With the application of this model and identify the barriers and facilitators of physical activity in the elderly can be effective steps taken to promote regular physical activity.

Due to the increasing elderly, attention to their problems is such as the important matters of social policy countries that without knowledge of the basic needs and dimensions the elderly can not be have a plan toward mental and social well-being of this group. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the needs and dimensions according to articles published in journals between 2004 and 2013. Methods & Materials: Based on the model of the concept of quality of life hughes (1990), Structured study of dimensions and indicators of quality of life was performed among 62 scientific research articles published and accessible over a period of 9 years. Results of this study indicating its prominent dimension of health status of elderly in articles (100%). The concept of quality of life, multi-faceted and multi-dimensional concept that does not include only physical aspects, measuring and understanding it depends on various factors of cultural, social, economic and environmental. The fewest factors, individual satisfaction and physical environment factors, each with (11.3%). Most of offered solutions to improve the quality of life in Iran at the macro level and structural functions (69/35%) Which can In the policies and Planning used And ways to improve and enhance the quality of life of elderly To provide for planners and policymakers. Quality of life in Iran, including required that when considering all its dimensions and the use of intervention programs, training and support can be improved and promoted.