مجله سلامت و بهداشت
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 25، بهار 1395)

Myocardial infarction is one of the most common diagnoses and disturbing health in hospitalized patients. Due to the high cost of care and Various complications of heart disease, this study has been conducted to determine "The effect of education (family centered and patient centered) with multimedia software on Dysrhythmia of patients after acute myocardial infarction".
This clinical trial was performed between October - March 2014 in CCU ward in Amir Kabir hospital in Arak. Samples were 60 patients aged 30-70 years old who has been selected by convenience method after the first heart attack and randomly assigned into two groups: control (Patient-centered education:30) and intervention (family-centered education: 30). On admission, ECG change patients were examined and registered by using a researcher-made check list. Then education to patients has been done in the intervention group associated with close family member through computers in three domains (diet, pharmaceutical regimen and exercise program) in three sessions of 30-45 minutes and the same educational content were taught to the patient (without family members) in the control group. Three month after the intervention patients ECG changes were recorded again in two groups and Finally, Data were analyzed using independent t test, paired t-test, Chi-square, through SPSS software version 16.
The two groups were matched for all demographic characteristics. The results of the evaluation type of myocardial infarction in two group(control and intervention) show that no significant diffrence between two groups. But three month after the intervention In terms of dysrhythmia had significant diffrences(p According to the results of this study, it seems that family-centered education is more effective than patient-centered education into improved cardiac dysrhythmia . It is recommended that the educational interventions for the patients with myocardial infarction to be done with the participation of the family.

Nutritional assessment is the first component of nutrition care and it is necessary for prevention of malnutrition and promoting health. The aim of this study was to assess nutritional status and physical activity level in exceptional children.
This survey was a cross sectional study conducted on 470 exceptional students aged 5-15 years in 1391 in Tehran. Height and weight were measured using standard tools. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine physical activity levels. The T-test, chi-square and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data.
According to body mass index (BMI) cut off points defined by WHO, 12.6%, 38.1% and 49.3% of children were wasting/severe wasting, overweight/obese and normal, respectively. The prevalence rates of low height for age (stunting) were 71.7% for mentally retarded, 36.3% for deaf and 17.7% for blind children. Time spent in intense activity was significantly higher in deaf children compared to children with mental retardation (p Due to high prevalence of malnutrition among exceptional students, incorporating a proper nutritional intervention into the comprehensive program will likely be successful.

An important part of patient satisfaction in health care centers, is the concern to protect their rights from health care providers. By observing the Patient Bill Rights,they can effectively take care of patients. This study aimed to assess the inpatients awareness from patients rights and their satisfaction from observance of that rights.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in three hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The estimated sample size was 306 patients and with regard to the assessment of patient's awareness and also, total of questionnaires were 612. The data analyzed by using T Test and ANOVA in SPSS.18 software.
Average of patient's awareness from patient rights obtained 83.4% and average of patient's satisfaction from observance of that rights were 68.9%. The highest average of awareness was related to the first axis, lowest level of awareness related to the third axis, the greatest satisfaction related to the fourth axis and the lowest level of satisfaction is also related to third axis of the patient bill rights.
Regarding to the lowest average in the awareness and satisfaction of the patient's was related to the third axis of patient bill rights, it seems that hospital managers for increasing patient satisfaction, must pay further attention both to training of this axis to patient, and Also to The observance of this axis from health care providers.

This study aims to evaluate the risk factors and the prevalence of WMSDs disorders using QEC and Body Map techniques in operational units took a gas refineries and its Meta-Reflection.
This case study assessed 254 operators in three distinct phases. First, 72 workstation posture was evaluated by using of QEC. Secondly was intended for employees of WMSDs were assessed using by Body Map. After conducting interview with relevant directors, the effectiveness of such studies has been analyzed through Meta-Reflection.
Based on results came from QEC survey, the operators’ average scores was 53/8%. Moreover, results of Body Map assessment showed that the highest organs of WMSDs were back and knee extrusions (47% and 46% respectively). Also, lack of ergonomics policy and plan within refinery has demonstrated by interviews. Meta-Reflection, on the other hand, showed that because of incomplete learning cycles in the above mentioned surveys which only provide WMSDs’ status, workstations’ ergonomics condition, and introduce expert based solutions. Thus, such surveys not only have incomplete study plan, but also have less impact on improving overall health, safety and ergonomics within this organization.
This research proves that non-ergonomic conditions result in awkward postures and subsequent physical disorders. Overall, this study has showed a gap from this kind of the work in the learning cycles at organizational levels, a trend should be considered to interactive research work on the workplaces with improved and promoted system ergonomics attitude.

This study aims to evaluate the risk factors and the prevalence of WMSDs disorders using QEC and Body Map techniques in operational units took a gas refineries and its Meta-Reflection.
This case study assessed 254 operators in three distinct phases. First, 72 workstation posture was evaluated by using of QEC. Secondly was intended for employees of WMSDs were assessed using by Body Map. After conducting interview with relevant directors, the effectiveness of such studies has been analyzed through Meta-Reflection.
Based on results came from QEC survey, the operators’ average scores was 53/8%. Moreover, results of Body Map assessment showed that the highest organs of WMSDs were back and knee extrusions (47% and 46% respectively). Also, lack of ergonomics policy and plan within refinery has demonstrated by interviews. Meta-Reflection, on the other hand, showed that because of incomplete learning cycles in the above mentioned surveys which only provide WMSDs’ status, workstations’ ergonomics condition, and introduce expert based solutions. Thus, such surveys not only have incomplete study plan, but also have less impact on improving overall health, safety and ergonomics within this organization.
This research proves that non-ergonomic conditions result in awkward postures and subsequent physical disorders. Overall, this study has showed a gap from this kind of the work in the learning cycles at organizational levels, a trend should be considered to interactive research work on the workplaces with improved and promoted system ergonomics attitude.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education provided by Nutritionist and midwife on weight gain in pregnant women and child growth.
This was a semi trial survey conducted in Ardabil. 510 pregnant women and 305 malnutruent children referring to Ardabil health centers were selected through convenience sampling method and were randomly allocated to the experiment groups. Education program performed by nutritionist in case group and the control group were received education by midwives in the same center. Data analyzed using SPSS and EPI INFO software.
Results demonstrated that low weight gain before study in experiment group was 49.8% and after study decrease to 5.2% and in control group was 58.4% decreased to 37.5% (p Nutrition education provided by a Nutritionist had more effective role in improving maternal weight gain compared with Nutrition education provided by midwife. Effectiveness of Nutrition counseling to improvement of growth retardation in children under 5 years was poor in both groups. Nutritionist Consultation alone is insufficient to enhance the nutritional status of children under 5.

Bisphenol A is as environmental and toxic pollutant that releases from industries and at low concentration can be dangerous. Therefore, the aim of this study is the investigation of bisphenol A adsorption by modified azolla.
This study was conducted in laboratory scale. The prepared Biomass Azolla was crushed and pulverized by standard ASTM sieves with range of 10-18 mesh. The effects of various parameters on adsorbents performance were investigated. The isotherms and kenitics models were used to describe the adsorption data.The chemical composition and solid structure of biomass Azolla were analyzed by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). Measurement of the surface area was carried out by N2 gas via BET isotherm and Belsorb software. The concentration of Bisphenol A was measured by HPLC.
Predominant Chemical composition of Biomass is C and O with 34 m2/g surface area. The maximum Bisphenol A removal was observed in pH =3, biomass dose of 12 g/L and contact time of 90 min. The Bisphenol removal percentage decreased from 98 to 44 at 90 min when the concentration of Bisphenol was increased from 10 mg/L to 100 mg/L. The Langmuir and pseudo- second order model provided the best fit for the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 9.6 mg/g.
The result of present work shows that the Azolla can be used as an effective and better adsorbent for removing of phenolic compound from industrial waste water.

Sound and lighting are the deleterious effects of the physical environment as exposure to physical stressors act. Occupational stress in certain areas of life occurs and factors contribute to its creation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between these two factors, physical and psychological stress in dentistry in the city of Shiraz.
This descriptive study was conducted among 150 dentists in Shiraz; Samples were selected randomly. Data collection included job stress questionnaire, the scale and luxury m. Statistical analysis by Pearson correlation test, T-test of independent, Kruscal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney Test was performed using SPSS 16 software.
The volume and intensity of lighting in public centers are more than private sectors. The stress in public sectors was more than private centers and the difference was statistically significant ((p=0.02 Sound of the workplace and job stress were associated with each other that the relationship is statistically significant (p=0.007 the relationship between age and work experience job stress was reversely related and statistically significant (p=2.02, 0.01). The lighting environment with job stress were not correlated significantly (p=0.02).
Stress in dental practice decreases quality and quantity of health care services. Therefore, identification of stress in dental and physical agents in the workplace, such as sound and lighting led activities to reduce the effects of stress and enhance the quality of services.

Breast cancer is the most prevalence cause of death in women. The prevalence is one person per 8 women. Recently was changed in lifestyle of human that increased incidence of breast cancer. Mammography is the one of the diagnosis methods of primary recognizing and secret breast cancer before getting 5 mm size. The aim of this study was determination of demographic characteristics of referred patients for mammography and prevalence of malignant of breast cancer based on aged.
In this descriptive study all women who are referred to mammography department of the Fatemy Hospital underwent study in 1384. Personal, mammography information and sonography and biopsy information of women were collected by questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics.
The sings of breast cancer malignancy were recognized in 20 of 100 women referred to mammography department. In 12 of 20 individuals were observed breast cancer, that were 2 cases, 6 cases and 4 cases between 30-34 , 35-44 , ≥50 years old, respectively. The marital status was showed the marrying age and the first of pregnancy 10 cases from 12 women were under 20 years old and 2 between 20- 30.
This study was showed the prevalence of breast cancer was in lower ages of women. Ages and first age pregnancy were the risk factors of breast cancer.

Selection of appropriate educational strategy in the field of oral health is considered as an important issue in prevention of oral and dental diseases and as oral health promotion in community. Importance of this made us to compare two methods of storytelling (indirect method) and lecturing (direct method) in oral health education of elementary school students in Yazd.
This intervention study was conducted on 117 female elementary school students in 2012-2013. Random and clustered sampling was done from 4 groups of grade 3 in elementary school. Data selection was through a questionnaire, so that knowledge, attitude and practice of students were evaluated and compared before and after administration of methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS-17 software through T-test and ANOVA.
The mean knowledge scores were 15.59.94 and 16.96.79 in instructed group by lecturing and storytelling respectively and the difference between two groups were statistically significant (p=0.001). The mean attitude scores were 21.40.5 and 24.32.55 in instructed group by lecturing and storytelling respectively and the difference between two groups were statistically significant (p=0.001). The mean practice scores were 13.42.01 and 14.39 in instructed group by lecturing and storytelling respectively and the difference between two groups were statistically significant (p= 0.003).
Findings of this study indicated that storytelling method (indirect method) had more significant effect than lecturing method (direct method) on knowledge, attitude and practice in oral health education.