مجله مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی
پیاپی 17 (زمستان 1390)

Today's approach to sustainable development as the dominant development paradigm, an approach that has been the focus of scientific circles. Range of Congress, and works in conjunction with sustainable development, formed the concept in the international arena is like learning. In this regard, it is necessary that the path Katalyz·h Management and Rural Planning and preparation are essential in removing obstacles to be pondered. Selection of appropriate indicators of local conditions and reagents framework for sustainable design, explaining the prerequisites for sustainable rural development and gap analysis in stable condition, is considered. Using the data required in the matrix, preparation and Placement. The result of the analysis, the parties challenging the sustainability of the marks indicate significant differences in terms of the sustainability of the village. Also analyze the correlation between the levels of the village and away from administrative centers Payday - Economic (administrative center - the city's economically active Bilesuar) degree shows a weak negative correlation. This can indicate that improved communication with the village, close to the functionality of the high degree of sustainable economic administrative center of a village than other villages, has faded.

Social, environmental, and economic assessments are three requirements necessary for attaining sustainable development; and the evaluation of the social impact has a 40-year history in the world. Since the year 1386 (2007), following the ratified bills of Islamic Council, the necessity of applying this approach to urban development projects was put on the agenda of Tehran Municipality and relatively wide measures in this regard were taken among which is the training and licensing for 500 experts to socially evaluate the development projects in Tehran. And a brief look at the matter shows a small presence or general ignorance of Iranian geography society regarding this created practical and scientific capacity. All of this is in the circumstances where the nature of urban projects has spatial dimensions, and in principle, these assessment without analysis of the space will not be very effective. Geographers (especially human geography - the major of urban planning) with understanding the analytic levels of urban problems and structural recognition of the phenomenon of city and urbanization and urban development process, can play the greatest role in this field.
The purpose of this article is providing a methodological framework of evaluating social impact as the preparatory groundwork for familiarizing the geography graduates in order to enter this arena. To achieve this goal, evaluating social impact of organizing the cemeteries in Tehran's urban area, especially the blocks of martyrs in Behesht-e Zahra, are selected, and the results can be used for other studies.

The unplanned physical expansion of cities is one of the most important problems of urban management in developing countries. Iran, like other developing world has experienced a high level of urbanization growth which transformed the physical fabric of urban areas. North of Iran is one of most rapid growing region of the country where the moderate climate and a tourism based economy encouraged many developers to investigate in housing sector. So, the primary outcome of such process was the out-growth of the city boundaries in the region. This research attempts to present an appropriate model for urban physical development. The study is based on the different parameters such as environmental and socio-economic factors to provide a good understanding of the city behavior in its geographical setting. Through applying the Multi-Criteria Decision Model (MCDA) and GIS, the most appropriate area will be introduced for near future development. The results revealed that the integrated GIS and MCDA model has many potentials which allow the planner or user investigate the final decision for site selection for future urban physical development.

The strategy of sustainable development is aimed at the utilization of capabilities in rural communities to help meet the material and intellectual needs while establishing equilibrium between the constituents of local residence system (including ecological, social, economic and institutional elements). Different reasons, including incapability, cause the absence of village-dwellers in the process of designing and implementing rural development plans. Empowerment and acquiring the skills of optimal utilization of local resources in total lay the groundwork for the facilitation of participation. One of the most important styles of rural empowerment is the establishment of local institutions (Non Governmental Organizations). Learning about the grounds of forming and developing local foundations and the roles they play in the process of rural development and promotion is prominently important in the course of sustainable development, particularly for the rural youths and women.
The present field research has been carried out in the villages of Orduqash rural district with special focus on the Club of Young Farmers as the only active institution in the region. (The participants filled out 60 questionnaires and answered the interview questions.) Results of the present study indicate that the institute has brought about the means of staging educational programs, setting up the centers of social activity such as horticultural crop's packaging center, launching special groups of entrepreneurship, forming cultural and athletic groups etc. These activities have been effectual in the development of abilities and skills, particularly among the rural youths and women, the growth of incomes and creation of new jobs which can collectively contribute to the realization of sustainable rural development.

Housing problem is one of the outcomes industrialization and urbanization. Slum areas in developing countries are seen as a sign of seriousness of urban housing problems. Iran also a developing country which has been on the verge of changing from a traditional farming economy to an industrialized and urban economy since 1340,s has been a witness on the formation of urban problems especially in the housing sector. At the present time the demand for housing is higher than its supply, hence limited availability of housing, high price of property, and high rents has becomes a major problem in large cities like Tehran and as relevant to this paper in the Tehran's first district. Tehran as the First city of the country has always been facing lack of housing and hence high property prices. This hypothesis by its own is comprised of 4 sub categories. These hypothesis are based on information gathered from 100 questioners field by family's residing in the district and have been analyzed using SPSS software and by Pearson and kaydo (Chi square) methods.
Despite the positive relevance between the unbalance supply and demand in housing sector (not owning privet property) in the study area and the migration issue the severest of this relation is at 99% between the two variables. However the relation concerning the impact of nominated land use to housing supply and demand stands at 95% and hence due to lack of relevance is not confirmed .The relationship concerning the nominated land use defined for commercial and service sector to the supply and demand of housing stands at 95% and not confirmed. The relevance between housing supply and demand to nominated land use for health and medical facilities also stands at 95% and a positive relation is confirmed.

The forward research has been done with target recognition and specifying geostrategic ability of the Qods occupying regime to identify and determine the geo-strategic capabilities in the hardware field (military power), geo-politics (policy settlements and water) and software (the media) and its impact on the geopolitical Islamic republic of Iran. Geographic area where the research has been conducted, limited to the south and south-west Asia and north Africa are, But because of the widespread influence of this regime in the countries and international institutions, particularly the United States and its influence on the geo-strategic capabilities Quds occupiers, This relationship was also considered and investigated.
Methods In this descriptive study - analysis and use of library resources, documents and the Internet are usually "common method is to study the humanities
This study shows that politicians in the occupied territories and are based on the belief that peace in South-West Asia, Only through a combination of powerful hardware and software, it has achieved this regime, The only obstacle to achieving this result, the set of countries are supportive of the Islamic Resistance, And to crush the resistance, should be the mainstay and backbone of the Islamic Republic of Iran is about the invasion. So using all the tools that are intended to come into the beating heart of the Muslim world and its surrounds, And the different ways that affect the ability of geopolitical.

The lack of a comprehensive evaluation of the enjoyment of and relative level of rural society infrastructures of the contry based on scientific methods and relying on precise information and statistics is the most important barrier on and problem of rural plans. Science some information and statistics needed for the rural society is not subject to censuses in the demography and housing general censuses made by the Iranian center for statistics all over the contry , the indices of this research are provided based on the plan for the census of rural housing specifications made for the 1st time by the Iranian center for statistics and hosing foundation of the Islamic republic of Iran for 28 provinces of the country in summer 2003 .
208 compound indices are identified in the 1st phase of the research , then , with the objective of crediting indices by CV method, the most proper indices are classified under two behavioral and non-behavioral understanding senses, then ,using numerical Taxonomy method and Morris method and through a final combination of these two methods , the rural society of the contry has been classified under three levels: a-Combination of infrastructural , welfare, and development indices infrastructural indices, and c-welfare and development indices, in order to find out opportunities and foreign threads, then, in order to find out domestic factors, including weak and power points, the amount of the distribution of services was verified through denim method. Then, information was combined in swat method and twelve strategies were chosen. Finally, strategies were evaluated and priorities were determined based on strategy of Qualitative programming matrix (SQPM). Seven strategies were given priority one and crash program in view of thought, education, technology, and production.

Considering that residential infrastructures are the most important components of tourism environmental system, quality and quantity of these infrastructures to increase tourism activities especially to attract tourists would be effective. Despite high capabilities to attract tourists, Iran has not provided a proper condition to exploit and develop residential infrastructures as developed countries. In this regard lots of structural problems such as quantity and quantity, and skill and spatiality degree of staffs in residential centers related to tourism attraction, are one of the basic problems and challenges of Rasht city so that they have affected tourism activities. Method of the research is descriptive and analytical. To conduct the investigation, in addition of collecting library statistics and information, completing questionnaire of tourists who entered to Rasht residential centers and completing interview questionnaire of managers, data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Findings showed that residential infrastructures are qualitatively and quantitatively effective in tourist's attraction, so that reduction in number of residential centers from 20 units in 2001 to 18 units in 2010, decreased numbers of tourists entered in Rasht residential centers.Findings also represent law degree of literacy and skill of employed human resource in residential centers of Rasht so that 62 percent of them do not have certificate of diploma and 75.5 percent of them were not educated. Findings also revealed that a set of endogenous factors (residential infrastructures, level of literacy and skill of employed human resource) and exogenous factors (strategic policies of the country in tourism sector) in environmental system of tourism have been effective in tourism activities of Rasht city during recent decades.

Over time and with personal, social, economic, cultural and political relations becoming more complex, new needs have been defined for man, such as leisure time. City as the greatest human habitat has the highpotential and many facilities that can meet the needs and aspirations of its cites endsandvisitors. So the city has always been considered as the origin and destination. This study is based on positivism and studies objective phenomena in the city or in other words describes the present situation of the city in the view of tourism. There searchmethod which has been used is descriptive-analytical. The statistical community is formed by tourists who have visited the city. 400 samples have been studied as the static community. The volume of the sample is obtained according to the Morgan Table. Information collected through various means, including the document sand carried out field surveys and questionnaire. EXCEL and SPSS computer applications were used. According to the hypothesis, the results of the study show that changes in service centers do not fit with the increasing population of tourists and the free zones an incentive there than a tourist tripping mind. But free trade is ain terms of passengers does not play a role in tourism activities. Also serious lack of quantitative and qualitative development centers to serves a challenge to the city's tourism market is considered. The result of objective evidence and test hypo the sassing in ferential statistics also confirm that the same.