مجله مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی
پیاپی 65 (زمستان 1402)

Many development planners mention rural tourism activity as one of the main pillars of sustainable development and in this regard, try to identify the advantages and limitations of rural and feasibility of tourism activity in these areas as well as basic planning. Take responsibility for diversifying the rural economy Objective of this research.

The purpose of this research is to identify the effective factors on the development of tourism pattern in the rural areas of Masal County.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and has a qualitative-quantitative exploratory nature. The statistical population of the study includes villagers and experts of the Islamic Council of villages targeted for tourism in Masal County who were purposefully selected. In order to collect data, in-depth interviews in the form of open-ended questions and then a researcher-made questionnaire were used. In data analysis method, coding method, descriptive statistical method including mean, standard deviation and inferential statistical method including Friedman test and path load factor analysis using SPSS and AMOS software were used.

Studied Areas:

The study area in the present study is Masal County.

The results showed that the natural attractions of rural areas of Masal County with a path coefficient of 0.89 compared to other factors have a direct and very important effect on the rural tourism model of Masal County.

The results showed that the main patterns of tourism in rural areas of Masal County include ecotourism, historical tourism and religious tourism. Among the influential factors in this field are the geographical location and climate of the villages, the capabilities and limitations of the village directly and the benefits of tourism, the positive and negative economic and social effects and the actions of officials to develop tourism indirectly affect the rural tourism model of these areas.

With the growth of population and urbanization, the urban managers are concerned with optimal waste management besides problems such as traffics, various types of pollutions, slums, etc. Nowadays the development of cities, growth of income average and welfare of society, and accelerated social and economic developments in the countries have led to a rapid increase in waste production, and a change in the consumption pattern resulted in a change in the quality of solid waste.

Site Selection for the Waste Landfills the City of Eyvan-e Gharb.

In the present study, the required maps and information were collected from various resources and transformed into data layers to be used in the ArcGIS software environment with respect to the effective factors in site selection. AHP was employed as a decision-making technique due to its prevalent and effective application for assessing the suitability for landfill.

Studied Areas: 

The city of Eyvan location falls at 33° 50' N, 46° 20'.

The Criteria for this study are as follows: Land use, soil type and land capability, quality and depth of groundwater, geology, the intensity of rainfall, heights, grading, distance from the city, distance from the village, distance from the fault, distance from the river, distance from the road, distance from power transition lines, distance from well and fountain, distance from protected areas.

The most suitable location included 7.98% of the area of the region.

Architecture is considered as a container for human life and in this regard, is necessary which the continuity/evolution in the dimensions of the durability of architectural buildings and the influence of external factors, should be considered urban designers and architects, in order for the interaction and social interaction between the individual and that work to be formed based on the interaction between the characteristics of the work and the mental image of the audience. 

Research Aim:

Considering the importance of architectural permanence in the context of time and the impact of various factors, the purpose of this study is to presentation a model of durability architecture (continuity/evolution) in the design of Tabriz commercial complexes in the post-Crown era.

The research method is mixed (a combination of quantitative-qualitative methods) with a practical purpose and analytical-contextual nature, and in order to analyze the information has been used structural equation modeling in AMOS software.

Studied Area: 

The geographical scope of the research includes the city of Tabriz and its commercial complexes.

Findings show that among the internal variables (architecture itself) the most impact on the durability of architecture is related to the strength of structures, attention to technology and technology in architecture and emphasis on values and culture of society with a value of 0.92, 0.88 and 0.85 respectively and among the external variables (corona effect) related to the variety of services for the benefit of the residents of the area (region) and the lack of extensive relocation, considering a precondition at the entrance of the complex to disinfect and use new materials with anti-aging properties. Bacterial values are 0.84, 0.70 and 0.66, respectively.

The results indicate that the sustainable architectural model of commercial complexes can be compiled based on the consideration of the background factors (the architecture itself) and external factors (the effects of the epidemic) in the three dimensions of body, function and identity-meaning.

Preventing crime and establishing security through environmental design in human settlements has always been of great importance throughout history.

The basis of this research is based on the inference and extraction of environmental design indicators and factors that have played an effective role in establishing security in the past neighborhoods, which deals with the application of these factors and experiences in establishing environmental security in new settlements.

The present research has been used descriptive-analytical method to infer and evaluate environmental security indicators in neighborhoods and traditional settlements. Then, by using the questionnaire tool (360 numbers) and analyzing it through SPSS software, through t-test and factor analysis, the data has been deduced and analyzed. Also, in order to analyze the role of spatial links in establishing security, Depth Map software has been used, as well as comparative tests and correlation matrix coefficients to check the relationship between the components of the variables.

Studied Areas: 

The sample under study is one of the most important traditional and luxury neighborhoods of Kermanshah, named Faiz Abad neighborhood. This neighborhood is one of the old neighborhoods that was formed around the historical center of the city and dates back to more than a hundred years ago.

The findings of the research show that the most important environmental design factors affecting the improvement of security in human settlements in traditional localities are: functional, physical quality and the amount of spatial links in these types of tissues, which pay attention to the physical and functional diversity in Urban neighborhoods play a greater role in the security of urban neighborhoods.

The results of the research show that among the indicators of physical-functional factors, the mixed use of spaces with mixed uses and entrances to the fabric of neighborhoods, and among the indicators of spatial connection factors, tissue ossification and density in the tissue have the highest priority over others. The indicators in environmental security are from the perspective of residents in this neighborhood.

Creative Tourism is one of the issues that the authorities and urban planners have always considered; because in the case of growth and development of tourism in a city, the economy of the city is thriving and improves the quality of life of the inhabitants.

the purpose of this study is to determine the key factors affecting the development of creative tourism of izeh city with future research approach.

The present study is an applied research in terms of nature based on the new methods of future research, analytical and exploratory, which has been done by combining qualitative and quantitative models. the collection method in this research is documentation and library. the qualitative data of the questionnaire is open and through interviews, and the quantitative data and data, the questionnaire has been developed and through the questionnaires, delphi method was used. the research population consisted of 60 exper. finally, the mic mac was used to analyze the variables.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical area of this research is Izeh city.

based on the finding, among the 45 variables studied, tourism training programs, urban attractive spaces, quality of life and the tourism information bank have been used in the area of effective factors and variables that were identified in the dichotomous spectrum have also the ability to become effective variables. Finally, based on the effects of variables, direct and indirect relationships of variables in 5 very weak, weak, moderate, moderately strong and very strong effects were classified.

The results of influencing factors indicate that physical – environmental, socio - cultural , economic and institutional factors have the most important effect on the creative tourism of izeh city.

various factors and a wide range of variables, including: supply and demand structure, money and capital market, currency and gold, oil income, price of energy carriers, household income, demographic factors, liquidity and inflation, housing purchase facilities, the input market for housing production, government policies, urban planning laws, etc., have undeniable effects on investment in the housing market.

The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying and analyzing the factors affecting the circulation pattern of residential investment in Ahvaz city.

The present study is considered to be a descriptive-analytical research in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of its nature, and it was conducted by survey, field and interview methods. In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis models and structural equations were used.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical territory of the current research is Ahvaz metropolis.

Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, 4 economic factors with a specific value of 11.078, physical-infrastructure factor with a specific value of 6.352, managerial-institutional factor with a specific value of 5.17 and finally social-demographic factor with a specific value of 4.19 as effective factors in developing investment model Housing were categorized. These factors, with their explanatory variables, have both positively and negatively affected the housing investment process in the metropolis of Ahvaz. The first factor with 38.19% and the specific value of 11,078 and the fourth factor with 15.239% explained the total changes of 33 items, respectively.

The housing capital market is influenced by economic, political, physical and social factors and elements, which means that the approach of political economy is space, which considers space under the shadow of the capitalist system, which is forced to develop unbalanced for its survival. is The results of this study contribute to a general understanding of investment and housing in the metropolis of Ahvaz as the capital of the strategic province of Khuzestan and provide a useful analysis of the examples of investments made in this metropolis.

Border villages are among the most sensitive and strategic parts of the country that have unique and unique characteristics in various economic, social, political, cultural and security aspects. Migration of rural inhabitants of the border will deprive these regions of the productive and protective population of the country and create problems in the destination of migration.

the present study aims to measure the tendency of households to migrate to the border villages of Torbat-Jam city which is more 95% of them are Sunnis.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and it is applied-developmental. Documentation and field data were collected using a questionnaire. The sample size is 214 Sunni households residing in 17 villages 10 km from the Iran-Afghanistan border.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical area of this research is the villages located 10 kilometers from the Iran-Afghanistan border in Torbat-e Jam County of Razavi Khorasan province according to the country divisions of 2015 and before the separation of Saleh Abad County.

The results show that the mean tendency to migrate construct is 1.98 lower than the theoretical average and is low in the Likert spectrum. This is due to the religious dualism of the destination with the source of immigration, which creates a large social cost for the migrant at the destination. Therefore, among the inhabitants of the border villages of the city, migration as a defensive strategy in the face of livelihood challenges and the latest strategy to achieve Minimal living standards.

This study showed that only the existence of some deprivations does not cause migration, because for the Sunni villagers living on the border, cultural reasons (living in birth place and with people of the same religion) cause a low desire to migrate. Since the population in the border villages is considered as a strategic reserve of the country, it is an inevitable necessity to try to solve the livelihood problems, especially considering the low desire of the residents to migrate and the relative stability of the population.

Urban development and urbanization needs have made it necessary to pay attention to the welfare demands of individuals. The importance of responding to the improvement of the quality of the environment in order to ensure the satisfaction of citizens, while physical efficiency, shows the need to consider the experimental qualities of the environment in the process of spatial arrangement; Because exclusively materialistic estimates and one-sided functionalist approach in design, by undermining the qualitative desirability and creating an inefficient environment in meeting the needs, the lived experience of human beings has been limited.

This research was done with the aim of explaining the effect of spatial configuration on people's qualitative perception of the environment. Assuming the existence of a relationship between environmental quality and spatial organization and trying to answer how this relationship has been done.

The present research is done by analytical-interpretive method and its methodological approach is qualitative. Those environmental quality criteria based on library studies and theoretical foundations that had the most conceptual similarity with the social logic of space were verified in two stages by Delphi technique and by location-based questionnaire in passages separated by the degree of interconnection index, extracted from The layout analysis of the survey space has been performed. The sample size was 384 residents of Mehrshahr who were selected by cluster random sampling. In order to analyze the results, the method of logical reasoning has been used.

Studied Areas: 

The study area, phase one of Mehrshahr neighborhood in Karaj, is due to the spatial configuration of the urban garden cities model, which has been preserved relatively without structural changes since the design.

Based on the findings, the field characteristics of high-correlation passages, from the residents' point of view, have resulted in the most desirability in relation to the quality assessment indicators of the environment related to the physical-functional component. Low-interconnected passages had the highest satisfaction of the perceptual-aesthetic component, and finally, medium-interconnected passages provided a richer socio-cultural interaction.

The capacity of spaces with the aim of enhancing the quality experience of the environment is not provided only by the relations and structural features of the space and generally how to use the space depends on the experimental interventions of users that will have many effects on the design process to use public spaces.

The importance of climate and its impact on human life is not hidden from anyone. The expansion of urbanization and development of cities along with the rapid growth of population and development of industrial activities has greatly reduced the thermal comfort in residential spaces, the consequences of which in the short term in the form of diseases and illnesses to city dwellers and in the long run as a factor in intensifying climate change. Its environmental effects, including the change of favorable months in terms of comfort climate, play a role. Meanwhile, the high costs of establishing comfort in residential spaces by mechanical devices and especially their maintenance, as well as its consequences in environmental degradation, has increased the importance of urban climate research. Therefore, the view of this study is to investigate the effect of climate on physiological comfort and convenience of human beings in closed spaces under the influence of two elements of temperature and humidity.

The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the effect of climate on physiological comfort and convenience of humans in closed spaces under the influence of two elements of temperature and humidity.

The research is an applied type that has been done by descriptive-analytical method. The data used include average minimum, maximum and daily temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure and dew point temperature in the statistical period of 40 years (1979-1979). For data analysis, indices of discomfort, temperature-humidity, sultry intensity and AIA standard were used.

Studied Areas: 

The study area in this research is Rasht city in Guilan province.

The research findings show that heat discomfort reaches its maximum in July and August and also August has the highest amount of sultry.

The results of the study indicate the greater effect of temperature element on the establishment of thermal comfort because despite the low relative humidity in the four months of June, July, August and September compared to other months, the degree of sultry and lack of thermal comfort in this month It reaches its maximum, which in addition to creating shade, also needs natural air ventilation to establish thermal comfort.

The importance of urban furniture in most cities of the country is one of the important topics of urban planners and beautifiers. Paying attention to elements such as proper design, dimensions, proper placement and monitoring, etc., has the ability to reduce vandalism.

With the aim of better identifying these elements, this research has tried to provide a suitable model in this regard to urban planners and beautifiers with the aim of reducing vandalism.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlative in nature. The statistical population of the research in the Delphi section and in order to achieve the necessary theoretical saturation was 11 experts from among academic experts and officials of the Semnan urban beautification organization, and for the model test in a larger statistical sample, there were 386 people over 18 years old living in Semnan. People were selected. The necessary data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire tool, and in order to analyze the data, regression analysis was used in the form of structural equation technique and fuzzy inference system.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical scope of this research is the city of Semnan.

The results of the research showed that the designed model has a suitable fit and among the main dimensions, the "psychological factors" dimension with a factor load of 0.96 has the highest correlation with the main concept of the research. The composition of the main factors of the model also determined that the best reduction of urban vandalism behaviors will be achieved when the amount of attention to the placement dimension is 1.68, psychological factors dimension is 2.83, supervision is 2.59 and design is 2.62.

The reduction of urban vandalism behaviors is influenced by urban furniture elements and the designed model will reduce urban vandalism behaviors by 39%.

In Iran, new cities with the goal of reducing decentralization of metropolitan areas and regional equilibrium development have been built, but these cities have already become involved with a number of fundamental issues from the very beginning, which requires major reviews. Therefore, the present study examines the capabilities and macro factors affecting the development of the new city of Pardis to find strategic solutions and fit mapping for the successful development of this new city using the new Meta-SOWT technique. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the purpose of the research is applied. Needed data and information have been gathered from the documentary, library, and surveys (questionnaire, interview) sources. The sample members were 42 experts and researchers in the field of urban planning. The results show The macro factors affecting the development of Pardis include: macro policies of the country's management, lack of workplaces, inadequate infrastructure, housing and Department of Housing and urban development policies in the area of housing and the issue of urban services including providing drinking water to the city, which ultimately appropriate strategies for city development were presented with respect to these effective factors and city capabilities.

Urban green space is deemed as a kind of application which its distribution and diffusion across cities bear a great deal of significance and is regarded as the breathing lungs of cities. Green spaces should sport such components as facilities, easy accessibility, suitable distribution across cities and proper area to be able to perform their roles properly.

Purpose of the research: 

This study wants to identify suitable places for the construction of new green spaces by locating urban green spaces, using by GIS and AHP model, in region 3 of Kermanshah, based on standard criteria.

This is an application-oriented kind of research being undertaken through descriptive-analytical methods endeavoring to identify the optimal locations for establishing new green spaces in the third division of the metropolis of Kermanshah according to the principles of positioning. For this purpose, such criteria as proximity to lands with residential applications, street networks, training applications, cultural applications, proximity to rivers, existence of wastelands, distance from green spaces, workshops and factories alongside multi-criteria decision making method (AHP) in the environment of Arc GIS have been utilized.

Geographical Territory: 

The study area is Region 3 of Kermanshah which is located in the southeast of Kermanshah, with an area about 1886 hectares and the population of about 165023 people.

The results demonstrate that per capita green space of the third division of Kermanshah is very low compared with a suitable and optimum standard and additionally, the manner of green spaces’ distribution, diffusion and their function radii in the before-mentioned region show that they are not in line with the condition of the region, in such a way that more than 20% of the population of the before-said region are deprived of an appropriate coverage by green spaces. The final map shows that the western, southern, central and eastern parts of the region are the best locations to establish green spaces in the third division of the metropolis of Kermanshah.

By analyzing the mentioned parameters, suitable places were identified for the construction of new green spaces considering that AHP Model be used in future studies to evaluate green space in regions of Kermanshah.

According to the approach of the World Health Organization, elderly-friendly cities include those urban spaces in which the distribution of public services is such that it is most appropriate to the needs and limitations of the elderly. According to the statistics, the city of Ahvaz, like the whole country, is moving towards the aging of the population and old age.

The present research is applied-theoretical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method with a survey approach.

As a result, there is a difference between the indicators of the elderly-friendly city at the level of 95% confidence. In other words, the indicators of the elderly-friendly city from the participants’ perspective did not have the same priority. Accordingly, the social status index with an average rank of 1.81 has the highest score, and the health services index with a score of 1.06 has the lowest score. The regional results also show that the significance level obtained from the Friedman test is less than 0.05. There is a difference between the elderly-friendly city indicators in the eight districts of Ahvaz at the confidence level of 95%. In other words, the elderly-friendly city indicators have not had the same priority from the point of view of the respondents living in the regions. So, Zones 1 and 8, with the average rank of 2.88 and 2.79, have the highest rank, and Zone 6, with the score of 2.21, has the lowest. Analysis of structural equation model to investigate the effect of indicators of the elderly-friendly city of Ahvaz according to the coefficients of determination (R2) showed that the changes in the variable are significantly dependent on changes in independent variables of the research. Due to being positive Subscription index and redundancy index and three values of 0.01, 0.25, 0.36, which are introduced as low, intermediate, and high GOF values and obtaining 0.50 for GOF, the appropriate fit of the model was confirmed.

The model explained to investigate the factors affecting the realization of the elderly-friendly city of Ahvaz also showed that the changes of the dependent variable depend to a considerable extent on the changes of the independent variables of the research. In other words, independent research variables can explain up to 50% of the dependent variable, indicating the proposed model’s desirability.

Since one-third of the country's population lives in 141,000 hectares of worn-out areas, the regeneration of these textures is one of the main concerns of the country. However, the plans to organize these textures have always been one of the most challenging urban programs, and it is difficult or almost impossible to find successful examples among them. One of the main reasons for this is people's skepticism about the results of such plans and the low acceptance rate of innovation. Goal: It seems that if these projects are implemented in appropriate and selected places and their positive and useful effects are tangible to the people, the acceptance of new approaches will be accelerated and the cost of implementing the projects will be reduced while their success will be guaranteed.

The study method was descriptive and analytical and the required data were collected using a questionnaire from a sample of 300 experts, local officials, and ordinary people. The collected data were analyzed using different statistics with the help of SPSS software and TOPSIS model.

Geographical area of research: 

The present study was conducted in the city of Torbat Heydariyeh. This city has the highest distressed urban testures but the least study has been done about it..

The results of the analysis of research findings show that the index of economic status of encouraging residents to accept the regeneration plan, is in the first place with an average of 3.06,the index of cultural categories is in the second place with an average of 2.99, and finally the index of social dimensions is in the third place with an average of 2.79. The findings showed that the best starting point for the regeneration project in this city is the Shahid Bahonar neighborhood, which has the highest score among the other three neighborhoods, and in Veblen's theory, it is the reference group.

If city officials focus on this neighborhood instead of implementing the project in all distressed areas, and achieve deliverable results, the implementation costs will be significantly reduced while increasing the probability of success of the project.

Nowadays, proper design and management of urban public spaces due to their effective role in various dimensions of economic, social, mental-physical health, vitality and generally improving the quality of life has become a basic necessity in urban development planning. GoalThe purpose of this study is to identify the effective criteria for planning and design on the development of public spaces Tabriz city and to prepare a standard framework.

The research method in the present study is applied-development and the method of collecting survey information and questioning managers, officials and experts on urban issues as well as academic elites. It is noteworthy that due to the uncertainty of the size of the statistical population, using the targeted Delphi sampling method, 100 people have been determined as the sample size, which is based on the snowball method. Also has been used to analyze the research information of structural equation modeling in Amos software.

Public urban spaces of Tabriz in different species and its 10 regions are the geographical area of the present study.

Results and discussion:

 Findings indicate that the greatest impact on the development of public spaces in Tabriz city is related to the components of attention to content of plans and programs in planning and proper functional design of public spaces with a value of 0.92 and 0.78, respectively. Also between sub-variables, thematics and detailed study of variables affecting the promotion of public spaces; Appropriate coherence and relationship between the components and elements of public space planning in different social, physical, environmental and functional dimensions; Universality and design based on age and gender groups; And the ability of personalization (sense of spatial belonging) with the values of 0.91, 0.87, 0.84 and 0.83, respectively, have the greatest impact on the development of public spaces in the city.

Unfortunately, in Tabriz and other cities of Iran, paying attention to improving the quality of public spaces has an inappropriate planning approach and the content of plans and programs, the planning process and the implementation of plans and programs should be fundamentally reviewed.

Food insecurity is a serious issue, especially in the villages of less developed and developing countries. Food insecurity depends on consumption behavior and its underlying factors. The current study was written with the aim of investigating and evaluating the food insecurity of households in rural areas. The question that is raised in the field of food insecurity is, what are the most important effective factors in the resilience of rural households against food insecurity? The current research is applied in terms of type and descriptive-evaluation in terms of nature. The statistical population of the current research is eight villages of Zanjan city, these eight villages have 3047 households, and using the Cochran formula, the number of samples needed to complete the questionnaire (342) households was calculated and the questionnaires were completed using a systematic method. The method of collecting information in the form of library and field (questionnaire and observation) and the method of analyzing information quantitatively (descriptive statistics, mean and frequency distribution, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, Yeoman-Whitney test, Heckman model, Johnkheer test and Kruskal test) Wallis) and to calculate the amount of food insecurity, the method (food insecurity scale) has been used. The results of Friedman's test show that in non-food strategies to deal with food insecurity, the highest average with a value of 4.62 is related to the strategy of borrowing money to buy food, and in food strategies to deal with food insecurity, the highest average rating is related to the use of cheap food with a value of 95. It is 4.The results of Friedman's test show that in non-food strategies to deal with food insecurity, the highest average with a value of 4.62 is related to the strategy of borrowing money to buy food, and in food strategies to deal with food insecurity, the highest average rating is related to the use of cheap food with a value of 95. It is 4.

One of the strategies that has been considered in recent decades to raise the standard of living for those who live in rural regions is the concept of converting those places into cities. Due to this policy, several rural communities in Iran have transformed into cities during the past few decades.

Goal: 

residents' satisfaction with their quality of life in Boostan and Sepidar and examine how the conversion of rural regions into cities has improved their quality of life.

Also, the research type is applied and the method is descriptive-analytical. The research data were gathered through library study and field research. The residents of the studied cities represent the research's statistical population, which was determined using the Cochran formula with a sample of 270 persons. The research was analyzed using Descriptive Statistics, Kolmogorov– Smirnov test , Friedman test, and ordinal regression.

Geographical area of research: 

This study was conducted in Boostan and Sepidar cities in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces.

The study's findings indicate that the two cities have varied levels of satisfaction with their of life. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test findings show that Boostan city residents are better satisfied with their quality of life. According to the findings of the Friedman test, place quality in Sepidar city and the educational in Boostan city has the maximum degree of satisfaction. while the the component of economic in both cities have the minimum levels of satisfaction.The results of ordinal regression also demonstrate that whereas the independent factors in Sepidar city have a weak and low influence on the dependent variable of quality of life satisfaction, they have a significant and positive impact in Boostan city.

In general, the results of the study show that the policy of promoting settlements and the measures taken have been successful in Boostan in contrast to Sepidar.

Space and urban elements cannot be understood without knowing their identity, and everything that arises from this identity originates from the tactics, tricks, techniques and innovations of planners, designers and architects based on the cultural, social and economic components of a nation and political and environmental conditions it rules a place. Over time, identity manifests itself in both stable and unstable (critical) forms.

The purpose of this study is to identify the elements of stable identity in the native dwellings of Talesh with emphasis on the percussion approach.

The research method in the present study is a combination of quantitative-qualitative approaches with analytical-exploratory nature which to analyze the data have been used the model of least squares in Warp-PLS software and qualitative methods of contextualization (ethnography) and rhythm analysis. The statistical population of the study is the housing of Talesh city, the sample size is estimated based on the modified Cochran model 340 housing.

The geographical area of the research includes Talesh city and its housing.

Findings show that the most important elements of sustainable identity in the native dwellings of Talesh are related to environmental elements (E), cultural elements (C) and functional elements (F), which based on the structural model, the extracted coefficients are 0.63, 0.48 and 0.43 respectively.

The results indicate that climatic conditions along with the simultaneous presence of several rhythms such as cultural values and functional needs in the cyclical and linear course of time have played a major role in shaping the sustainable identity of native dwellings in Talesh.

Quality of life is one of the most basic concepts of development in the present age, which examines and evaluates the general well-being of the individual and society. The purpose of this article is the effect of quality of life indicators from the perspective of villagers with a structural equation modeling approach. The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational research in nature. The statistical population of the study consists of 696 heads of households in the selected village of Osmanvand district in Kermanshah city. Using Cochran's formula, the statistical sample in question was 225 heads of households. These numbers were selected by simple random sampling method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and structural equation modeling (SEM). In this study, the observed variables for the four components of social, economic, physical and environmental were obtained. Four first-order factor analysis models were developed and validated to measure four subscales of quality of life. Finally, the role and effect of the observed variables and their four components on quality of life as the main latent dependent variable, and the relationships between them were analyzed using a two-factor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) structural model. The results showed an acceptable fit and validity of all four models of measuring quality of life and achieving goals, as well as a second-order five-factor model for assessing quality of life, based on collected data. The results showed that social index of 0.93, environmental index of 0.97, physical index of 0.99 and economic index of less than 0.25 had an effect on quality of life.

Encouraging citizens to use public services to reduce urban pollution is one of the important management priorities in cities. Accordingly, the study of environmental knowledge as a factor influencing the behavioral intentions of citizens as consumers of urban services can determine the extent of their tendency to use these services. Based on this view, the present study was conducted to investigate the impact of environmental knowledge on the use of urban services in Rasht. In terms of applied purpose, in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method, the present research is a documentary, a survey that has been conducted using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population was households in Rasht. According to the Cochran's formula, a sample size of 384 people was selected from them and they were asked by two-stage cluster sampling. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on face validity and its reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha (0.763). The relationship between the index and the corresponding items has been investigated in the measurement model (first-order factor analysis). Composite reliability, mean variance extracted and convergent validity were calculated and confirmed for the research indicators. The research hypotheses have been tested using the structural equation modeling process. The amount of findings shows that between environmental knowledge and residents' approach to using urban services (Beta = 0.51 and t = 4.1) and the rate of use of these services (Beta = 0.30 and 3.95 = t) there is a statistically significant relationship; There is also a significant relationship between residents' approach to urban services and the use of services (Beta = 0.68 and t = 6.8).