مجله مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی
پیاپی 14 (بهار 1390)

Issue of land use focuses on prospective application pattern of land in every city and covers various types of applications such as residential, commercial, industrial, health, educational, administrative and recreational, which all have been effective on development trend of Meshkinshahr over the past years. Regarding the importance and role of land use system in urban planning, this research attempts to modeling land use pattern for Meshkinshahr using Clue-S in 1402 horizon aiming to develop the city within spatial-physical scale, prepare maps and analyze predictable patterns in various scales.
Research In this study, primarily identified the factors which effective on land use changes and then used historical, descriptive methods as well as conducted interview with inhabitants and local authorities, associated organization in Meshkinshahr city such as housing and urban planning organization, municipality and consultant engineers of detailed and descriptive plan. Firstly the framework of Clue-S, its components and application were recognized.
Secondly, model factor was recognized and actually, this study would be meaningless without extracting factors effective on land use changes in Meshkinshahr City. Thirdly, the characteristic data and parameters of Clue-S model were collected. Fourthly, the necessary factors effective on system that dictates the changes of land use in Meshkinshahr were identified using logistic regression model. Then, demand and constraint models were defined within the Clue-S model used in this study and finally, some scenarios for Clue-S Model were offered revealing the potential land use patterns.

Drinking water is the only matter of vital for human beings and the creatures on the earth that the human beings can’t produce it. 97% of all waters on the earth are salty.
Increasing of society in the last 50 years, developing in industries, the need to produce more food stuffs and developing in the level of personal and social health has made drinking water more important than ago.
The hydroplitic of border rivers in the south west of Asia zone and central Asia ostentate as one of important difficulties between the governments and the nations. An important part of surface waters are running in the border of Iran and its Nabors.
Research In this research the main question is that: ”what was the effect of border river Atrak after destroying of CCCP on the political security and the economy of border zone of Turkmenistan and Turkmen fields of Iran?”
According to basic study, this theory has been made that there is a close relation between the changing of global strategy after destroying of CCCP and framing new geopolitical zones like as central Asia and changing in methods of using from border rivers like Atrak river. The way of research in this article has made of descriptive research and logical research.
We used these ways for collecting information: 1- Searching in library and internet sources. 2- Attributive and archive ways. 3- Area search and description of watched.
Border river Atrak is one of the most important sources for obtaining water in Golestan province. Both inner and outer river Atrak (Sumbar) after passing 80 kilometers between Iran and Turkmenistan’s border, get in Turkmenistan’s land in a place named Dashli broon. Iran draw on just 85000 cubic meter from it’s 220000 cubic meter share of Atrak river water. Golestan province has 880000 hectare fields that can be used for agriculture that now about 300000 hectare of that is under plantation with water. And the other 500000 hectare don’t have constant water. Second source of water in Turkmenistan provides from border river Atrak. Developing of agriculture in two-headed of Atrak has made the hydroplitic in relation of two countries more important.
Islamic republic of Iran in case of geographical zone is one of less water area of world. Increasing of society in last 50 years ago has made Iran’s share of drinking water less.
Turkmenistan country that the border river Atrak is running in borders of this country and Iran, in case of drinking water is poor. Controlling of surface water in river (Atrak) for developing in economy is important.
There is no characterized legal regime for Atrak river after destroying of CCCP that has to be characterize the way of controlling it.
Iran’s and Turkmenistan’s governments have to clean the water and build walls and pushing bars in two-headed of Atrak river.

Attending to the country's rural areas and providing services and facilities to activate rural units whether for the necessity of expanding activities especially in activates of the first part or for the correct arrangement of population stability in different areas and for the optimal arrangement of rural spaces and finally for rural sustainable environment are inevitable. Gathering village types in Guilan plain area intends to change the villagers’ way of living from a dispersed condition to a semi dispersed one. It can be known as planning physical development of rural habitats and as a part of the process of rural development, it aims at directing the framework of village in a desirable way and allocating optimal spaces to various activities. In other words, Gathering village types is a type of planning to guide villagers and gain their participation in building settlements and the way they are built in the plain villages of Guilan Province. In fact, the strategy in question is not going to destroy or rebuild rural settlements.
It, however, is going to plan for the future buildings in the villages leaving the present settlements intact and is going to reduce numerous problems and difficulties of villages in this area for gaining rural sustainable development.

Quantification and monitoring of biophysical and biochemical parameters of vegetation play a vital role in the terrestrial ecosystems. Biophysical parameters such as biomass and leaf area index (LAI) are the indicators of the productivity and function of crop. Rice is one of the major staples and widely planted crop in northern part of Iran. Rapid population growth, demands more rice production, while agricultural lands are gradually reducing with urban expansion. Monitoring rice production by remote sensing has been widely carried out in many countries where rice is the main food.
The advantages of remotely sensed data, such as repetition of data collection, a synoptic view, a digital format that allows fast processing of large quantities of data, and the high correlation between spectral bands and vegetation parameters, make it the primary source for large area biomass estimation, especially in areas of difficult access. Therefore, remote sensing-based biomass estimation has increasingly attracted scientific interest. The possibility of estimation biomass by satellite remote sensing has been investigated in several studies at various spatial scales and environments. However this study aims to estimate the amount of fresh biomass of rice using Vegetation indices from ALOS satellite image which is rather new satellite.

Today, excess density of population in city and it is increasing growth in bulk is led to demand and attention to urban development. Demand for urban development is one of the most important issues against human in future. Therefore, to solve this problem and obstacles, safety system of city should be developed along this to cover whole city. The most important problem about the services of fire stations is the inappropriate distribution of stations and restricted function area of present stations. So, qualities and quantities distribution of stations is investigated scientifically and professionally. Using traditional methods planning fire stations for services mean wasting papers and time, but today, using GIS serves as a tool to create proper and effective database.
In this study, we tried to locate optimized fire station in Amol city using GIS and AHP and incorporate data using index overlay method.

Environmental degradation and social conflicts due to concerns about climate change to contemporary discussions on global security, militarism and domination of the Earth is about Brkrh added.
Research This method of analysis - descriptive and using library resources and review of relevant literature is written.
National Security: Have different definitions for national security. Some authors have used military threats to security means. Some measures to protect the country against attack or reversal are stressed out. One of the definitions for this concept, it has the classic definition. According to this definition, security is the ability to ward off external threats against the country's political life or national interests. The military aspect of security has been emphasized in this definition. Government efforts to increase the focus on military power and military means are used.

Quality of life is a concept to formulate welfare development.living condition and quality of life reflect the quiet of the people.The quality of life is mental and visual issue.Satisfaction of this demand is an essential issue.Also,contentment and Not satisfactory in rural areas(as a dwelling space)is important. Quality of life is a multi-dimensional matter.This concept is related to social,psychological,environmental, psychological and social issues.In physical matters,indicators are power,energy and diurnal activities and self-care.In social domain indicators are good feelings and Quality of Communications.On psychological domain,anxiety,stress,fear, depressions are the measurement tools.Finally from environmental point of view the environment quality is the index.
Research The main goal of this research reviews various dimensions of quality of life in rural areas of the central part of Kermanshah. The research methods is Descriptive- analytical method and this emphasizes on questionnaire.Collected information by questionnaire Analyzed by SPSS software.

Decreasing regional differences, particularly between cities and villages for preventing human and funds movement and migration are very effective in providing the development. Spatial inequity causes the place not to be used best, provides the means of geographical accumulation of poverty and the intensity of privation in some regions, weakens national and social coherent, makes the best and voluntarily allocation of human force specially expert human force in regions impossible, increases impolitic migrations and makes the best distribution of the population in space, impossible. In short, spatial inequity increases the probability of poverty, unemployment, marginalization, migration and injustice.
Development means the increasing of human abilities in well exploiting of his environment. Rational exploiting depends on economical, social and cultural properties. Therefore, every condition that is effective in increasing the abilities in regions, prepares the way for development. Migration, poverty, low production and exploiting, unemployment, etc. in different regions of the country are the result of inefficient operations of economical, social and cultural organizations, overpopulation and discriminatory policies for cities and villages and lack of welfare, producing and fundamental facilities. This study answers the following question: What is the distribution of state funds during the fourth development plan in the province?

The Published articles in technical magazines are usually more interesting for researchers because of updated and abstract subject, the rate of transferring writer`s thinking results to the reader, being cheaper, presenting new and intact subjects, faster print and publication, easy access, introducing the latest research, criticism and considerations of the experts and finally subject variation and the way of presentation and simpler explanation and also has more application than other scientific books in view of research. Regarding the important application of technical magazines in research. In this one, we have considered and analyzed articles of investigative-scientific magazine (called geographicalperspective) by using bibliometric method. In this magazine the investigative and analytic articles, related to different subjects of geography will be published.
Research In the research, bibliometric method has been used to collect data. Statistical Society of the research consists of all articles published in journal of geographical perspective in academic gear 2006– 2010. Totally there are 110 articles with 2022 citations. The citation was considered independently and as case and the sampling has not been used. The information was extracted from article and calculations have been done manually .then collected data was analysed by using 2007 Excel software.