نشریه جغرافیای اجتماعی شهری
پیاپی 4 (پاییز 1394)

ICT as a "new technology" developed rapidly and by overcoming the limitations of time and space, it will be remembered as a pivotal development. As it is a public technology, it has a fundamental difference with other technologies. What can be inefficient is the unequal distribution concepts in areas which researchers refer to as the digital gap. This study aimed to "monitor and assess the development of Isfahan province in terms of technology, information and communication" The type of research is applicational - developmental and the method of its study is descriptive-analytical. In order to rank classification and the differences between cities, TOPSIS algorithm and dispersion coefficient Pearson are used. The results of this research shows that totally, the cities of Isfahan province with the level of development of information and communication technology have distance to the developing factors. The city of Isfahan has the first degree of ICT developing to the city of Chad-e-gan as the last degree. Isfahan is three times more developed than Chad-e-gan. This means that the development of cities in the ICT sector have a direct link to their populations. The cities with more population are more development in the field of information and communication technologies. The importance of the independent variables in determining the extent of inequality of cities in Isfahan province shows that the urbanization rate has the greatest impact and the physical index has the least impact on the inequality in the cities of Isfahan province. In the end, some strategies have been recommended for reducing the digital gap between cities that requires managers and urban planner's serious attention.

Prediction of urban growth and the encroachment of urban construction are very important. The planning of city managers for future management of the city and even planning to invest citizens are such cases that can be referred to. In this research, the trend of changes in urban development has been done in Tabriz, using artificial neural networks (ANN). To implement this, multi-temporal Landsat TM images for years 1990, 2000 and 2010 were used. To classify the mentioned image, MLC algorithm was used and post-classification comparison method was implemented for the change detection process. Feed-forward network architecture along with Back propagation algorithm has been used to correct the network weight during the process. Input variables include distance from the main roads, established areas, slope, service areas and aspect layers. The role of geological and tectonically parameters was also considered. Accuracy assessment of the simulation was performed for year 2010. In this process, the output of the neural network as forecasted image was compared to classified image of the same year. It shows the accuracy of 96%. The results show an increasing urban area growth via destroying vegetation as well as agricultural areas, in such rate that, it is forecasted more than 16000 hectares of nonurban areas will be transformed to urban areas during years 2010-2030. Also the results of this research indicate that the expansion direction of the city for the mentioned period will be toward the southeast.

Green space, as an indicator of development of the society has dimensions of environmental, social, cultural, economic and physical. In order to play roles and functions well, the first and most important step is to determine suitable locations for it. The aim of this study is to improve the urban green space in district 7 of Tehran. For this purpose, the fuzzy AHP model was used. The methodology of the research is descriptive and analytical. In this study by assessing and evaluating factors for locating urban green space, maps were designed and statistical layers were created for each criterion in GIS and a total of 10 criteria were used. Then in order to model making, to each of the statistical layers based on AHP was assigned an appropriate weight. Finally, the maps have been synthesized and final map was created. by placing the current layer of parks based of spatial efficiency, green space layout was determined and the results showed that none of the parks in the district 7 are highly desirable areas almost half of current parks in the district are located in inappropriate zones 43% and 34% are located in average zones and 23% are located in favorable zones. As nearly half of the existing parks are located in unfavorable zones, it can be explained that in terms of compatible land use planning, the location of green space has been ignored.

Nowadays, tourism industry as a dynamic and comprehensive industry has been encompassing all basic element of communities and global systems. Climate as a geographical phenomenon has close and incredible relationship with tourism and its development purposes so that, many considered successful tourism destinations in the world have been indebted to favorable climate condition. Suitable climate can lead to tourist’s satisfaction. Tourists plan their trip according to weather conditions and plan their desired destination. The research has been carried out using climate data temperature, pressure of steam, relative moisture, wind speed, sunshine and clouding of synoptic station of Kerman in a statistical period of two decade (1994-2013) with RayMan software. In addition, climate calendar of Kerman was proposed according to CTIS (Climate and Tourism Information Scheme) and PET indicators. The results indicate that there is a high correlation between climate condition and tourism and leisure. In fact, a suitable climate in terms of thermal, physical, aesthetic could be a factor to attract tourists. The results that were presented as calendar time, shows that from 1th Ordibehesht to 11th Khordad and from 10th Shahrivar to 28th Mehr is the best time and from 10th Azar to 22th Bahman is the worst time for the tourists to visit Kerman.

Social housing refers to a particular type of housing mainly build by national or local government in order to provide houses for low-income groups. Qom, one of Iran's major cities need attention in the housing sector due to its high population one of the most important factors in the development and construction of residential projects is the optimized site. One of the methods of decision-making through weighting to the criteria is hierarchical method of AHP. Based on this method, criteria and sub-criteria are ranked and options for selection of optimized locations are specified. This applied study is a descriptive – analytical research and relies on library resources. Effective criteria and sub- criteria in locating the residential areas are introduced and the hierarchical tree is drawn. These criteria are set in the form of a questionnaire and distributed among urban and housing experts in the municipality of Qom and in order to calculate the average weight given to each criteria and sub criteria paired comparisons have been used. After doing the calculations in the analytic hierarchy process, the output results were in such a way that District 8 is the most suitable area for the construction of social housing. Districts 2 and 3 are a priority after district 8. In this regard, districts, 5, 6 and 7 of the most improper areas in locating and constructing of the project.

Housing is one of the most basic human needs and is considered one of the critical issues in developing countries. Due to the economic mismanagement, lack of planning for housing and the rapid growth of urban population, there has been a mismatch between housing supply and demand in many cities of Iran which enhances the need for the advanced planning. The current study aims to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative indicators of housing in the Jiroft city and compare with other cities of Iran. It further aims to forcast the housing demand of this city for 1400. The current study applies descriptive – analytical method, and relies on library resources, population statistics, housing censuses, comprehensive plan of Jiroft and field research. The study finds that during the period 1345-1390 Jiroft housing has been improved both in term of quantity and quality. even though in some it is considered in lower level than other cities of Iran. In addition the study forecasts that in 1400 based on the population of city 15774 new housing units as well as 1246146 square meter of land lot will be required.

Commercial centers, especially in border cities of the country, have an important role on tourist's attraction. Attracting domestic and foreign tourists, help economic growth. And provision of proper facilities can affect positively tourists’ attraction. The current study examines the role of commercial centers on tourism development. The study conducted a survey and is descriptive-co relational in nature. 35 experts were participated in the survey. In addition using Cochran’s model for sampling 320 of tourists were needed to be surveyed, which were later increased to 355 for having a better image of tourists’ perspective. The collected data using questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS and Spearman and Chi-square test were used. The results of this research indicate that the activity of border markets have a great role on the development of tourism in Piranshahr, which contributes to the economic development. In addition it was found that facilities and services of commercial centers effects tourism satisfaction.