نشریه طب کار
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 22، بهار 1395)

The aim of the present research is to predict the quality of life of the women suffering from infertility regarding their health based on alexithymia, attachment styles, and the perceived social support.
The studied population included all the unfertile women. Therefore, 74 women suffering from infertility were selected through convenience sampling method based on the sample size selection formula in correlation studies from the Infertility Center and Reproduction Sciences of Yazd. The participants filled out the filled out the Multidimentional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Hazan and Shaver’s Adult Attachment Questionnaire, TAS Alexithymia Questionnaire, and WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire. The data collected were finally analyzed by SPSS software and through using Pearson correlation statistical method and multiple regression.
The findings indicated that there was a significant relationship between alexithymia and the health-related life quality in infertile women. There was a negative correlation between avoidant/ambivalent attachment styles and the aspects of quality of life. There is also a positive correlation and a significant relationship between secure attachment style and the aspects of quality of life. A significant relationship was found between perceived social support of women suffering from infertility and their quality of life related to health.
It was concluded that there was a positive and significant relationship between alexithymia, secure attachment, and the perceived family support and the quality of life of infertile women.

Due to the poor working conditions of agricultural equipment operators, it needs to perform studies to improve the ergonomic working conditions with these machines. Accordingly, the aim of this study was an ergonomic comparison of clutching of MF285 and MF399 tractors by muscle electromyography method.
25 persons were selected for this experiment. Investigations were performed on six muscles including: Medial gastrocnemius, Lateral gastrocnemius, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, Quadratus Lumborum and Trapezius. Measurements were performed for each person on each muscle in 30 seconds before the clutching, during 60 seconds while clutching and 60 seconds of rest after clutching.
The results revealed that the highest RMS electrical activity after 60 seconds clutching compared to before clutching of MF285 tractors belonged to Vastus medialis(6.16) and Medial gastrocnemius (2.82), respectively. During clutching of MF399 tractor, vestus medialis and lateral gastrocnemius muscles had the highest tension. For all muscles except Lateral gastrocnemius, RMS electrical activity ratio during clutching of MF285 tractor were higher than MF399 tractor.
As a consequence during clutching, MF285 tractor operators of had high stress in own muscles. Generally, two muscles of Vastus medialis and Medial gastrocnemius were under more stress during clutching. Also, these two muscles got back into recovery mode in longer period of time compared to the other muscles after clutching.

Technology updates and the arrival of new machines have caused occurrence of many injuries and job deaths in industries. In any job, technical controlling practices accompanied by trainings and executive instructions can be implemented after doing job safety analysis. The aim of this study is the investigating the effect of training on risk assessment code in a load house of cement production plant with a technique of quantified job safety analysis.
The study was a before and after study with an interference by safety training program that has performed on ten jobs in a load house of the cement production plant. In this investigation, after determining jobs and grouping hazards in job safety analysis (JSA) table, rate and probability of risk are extracted from particular tables that are translation of standard MIL-STD-882E tables (5th edition) and the initial risk assessment code (RAC1) was calculated. According to JSA tables, training requirement of jobs was done and training program was determined and it was presented despite of safety job instruction for job owners, and then secondary risk assessment code (RAC2) was determined.
Totally, 119 risks were detected in ten investigated jobs. From these, %53.33 in the acceptable risk range, %22.5 in the lowest acceptable risk limit range and %24.17 in unacceptable range were laid. The risk rate (%) was changed to %69 in acceptable risk range and %31 in the lowest acceptable risk limit range after doing interfering.
This study showed that decreasing rate of incidents and hazard controlling in workplaces can be achieved by perform training courses and relearning programs.

Inhalation exposure to dust is one of the most common adverse environmental factors that can have adverse effect on the health of employees. In this study, dust inhalation exposure of workers with different methods as well as GIS was investigated.
An analytical cross-sectional study was performed on the sample size based on results of homogeneous exposure groups (SEG). Environmental and personal exposure assessments were performed according to standard methods and personal and environmental sampling. The collected data were analyzed based on American industrial hygiene association (AIHA), and then analyzed by using GIS software for mapping the distribution.
The average dust exposure by each individual among the workers within homogeneous exposure groups was 8.61 mg/m3. The highest exposure by each individual was 21.13 mg/m3 that belonged to pulverizer operator and the lowest was 1.97 mg/m3, which was belonged to fine wire operator. The lowest environment concentration was observed in the cutting salon (0.05 mg/m3), and the highest values found in powder salon (22 mg/m3). Exposure management based on AIHA methods showed that the powder, packing and preparation sections have the highest concentration, and cutting section has the lowest values. Exposure management based on GIS techniques showed higher number of at risk employees in comparison with common strategies.
Use of SEG practices in combination with GIS can enhance the quality of respiratory exposure assessment in occupational environments. GIS plays an important role in the screening of air pollution in the working environment by providing a set of services including the possibility of classification into different areas and creating a report based on the map.

According to the high incidence of myofascial pains of trapezoid muscle in the computer users (employees), which leads to disability, absence from work, early fatigue and also reducing efficiency of employees due to frequent headaches associated with trigger points in the neck area, it is important to investigate the therapeutic methods to release myofascial trigger pain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of short-time massage using neuromuscular facilitation stretching exercises (NFE) on neck and shoulder pain in the subjects with myofascial trigger points in trapezoid muscle.
This study was a clinical trial, which was conducted on 42 patients (female and male employees of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences). The studied group included the patients with clinical symptoms and physical examination of trigger points in neck area. The subjects were matched for age, duration of symptoms, and the severity of pain. Then, they were randomly divided into 3 groups. Control, experimental 1(short-time massage) and experimental 2 (NFE exercises), respectively. Pain severity, neck pain, shoulder pain, shoulder disability, and shoulder disability and pain were measured after and before of therapeutic intervention and compared in within and among the groups by One-way ANOVA statistical method.
After one short-time massage therapy and NFE exercises, there was found a significant reduction in pain (P0.05).
It seems that both of short-time massage and NFE exercise methods have a similar effect on treatment of trigger points in trapezoid muscle. According to a few studies, it needs to have more investigations.

One of the most important challenges of health system in all countries is patient safety risks. That reduces ensures of patient safety. So, recognition of these incidents, categorize and prioritize them in order to formulate policy interventions should be considered.
This cross-sectional study was carried out in clinical wards of an Educational- Therapeutic Hospital in 2015. The study population consisted of 25 clinical hospital administrators and patient Safety Liaison. Data collection was conducted in three methods (Interviews, Focus Group and Distributor Questionnaire). The collected data were analyzed using AHP Model and Expert Choice.11 software.
Among the incidents of internal ward, the highest priority related to needle stick (0.231) and the lowest related to wrong-patient Radiographs (0.028), respectively. Among the incidents of intensive care Unit, surgery and operating room, the highest priority related to failure in controlling the patients, level of consciousness (LOC) (0.316), lack of control of patients after surgery (0.199) and wrong type of blood transfusion (0.209), respectively.
According to the role of staff in incidents reduction, theoretical and practical training of staff about risk assessment methods should be done. Checklist for safe injection and safe surgery are performed and they were monitored by patient safety liaison. Also, integrated system of registration to record and report the error to identify upcoming events.

Nowadays, more than the past the content of back school was changed and it is involved a wide range of training including, the principles of ergonomics, sports programs, workplace design, changes in work organization and life style. The aim of this study was to evaluate back school educational program designed in the form of multimedia with a focus on performance improvement in the nurse's prevention of chronic low back pain.
This was a quasi-experimental study. It was done on 100 nurses selected multi-stage random sampling method from teaching/government hospitals affiliated with Arak University of Medical Sciences. Out of 100 nurses included in the study, 50 were assigned to the intervention and 50 to the control groups. The data-collection tool was a questionnaire on demographic characteristics and the practice checklist. After collecting the data in the first stage, educational intervention of back school in the from of multimedia was performed. In the second stage (3 months after intervention), the data were analyzed by SPSS (version 20) using the Chi-square test, paired sample's t-test and independent t-test.
There was no statistically significant between the intervention and control groups in the mean scores of observing behaviors and ergonomics principles for prevention of chronic low back pain before intervention (p>0.05). After accomplishment of back school educational program in the form of multimedia among the nurses in the intervention group there was statistically significant difference between the mean scores compared to the control group (p Back school curriculum in a multimedia format has some advantages that overcame some of the educational barriers on compliance behavior and ergonomics to the improvement and promotion of proactive prevention of low back pain among nurses.

Appropriate office workstation design and adjusted keyboard slope could prevent upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders caused by CTDs. The purpose of this study was to compare wrist and finger motion angles during typing in different workstations with different keyboard slopes.
In this experimental study, 10 female typists of university workers were chosen randomly. Test was performed on two different adjustable and non-adjustable chairs with four different keyboard slopes including 15, 7, 0, -7 degrees. Wrist and fingers kinematic data were calculated by Vicon motion analysis system and MATLAB software.
Average wrist flexion angles were significantly different in different keyboard slopes. In adjustable workstation, the lowest mean value of maximum, average, min mum of flexion was measured for keyboard whose slope was adjusted to 15 degrees. The lowest mean for observed flexion in the metacarpophalangeal joints in the second and fifth fingers was measured in workstation with adjustable seats and keyboard whose slope was adjusted to 15 degrees. In the proximal interphalangeal joint of the second finger, the lowest mean was obtained in the workplace with adjustable seats and the keyboard whose slope was adjusted to 15 degrees.
During typing on keyboard, as much as the finger joint angles are close to zero degree, less stress is put on the joints. In this study, the lowest means for the degrees of joint flexion were observed in the workstations with adjustable seats and the keyboard with 15-degree slope.