مجله دانشکده علوم پزشکی نیشابور
پیاپی 11 (تابستان 1395)

Introduction and Aims: A growing body of evidence indicates the role of inflammation and inflammatory indicators such as Cytokines and other inflammatory mediators as triggering factors in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and other metabolic disorders. This study was designed to investigate the possible association between high sensitivity C reactive proteins (hs-CRP) with components of metabolic syndrome.
In this case control study a total of 421 individuals including 215 patients with metabolic syndrome and 206 healthy controls were selected randomly from Mashhad as a second largest city in Iran. MetS was defined based on Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Anthropometric variables such as weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as biochemical profiles and inflammatory marker (hs-CRP) were measured by standard methods.
The mean values of anthropometric and clinical variables, including FBS, TG and total cholesterol, were significantly higher in MetS group compared with controls (P hs-CRP concentration increased in patients with MetS and was positively associated with TG levels in men and HDLcholesterol in healthy women.

Introduction and Aims: The development of eco-friendly methods for the synthesis of nanomaterial shape and size is an important field of nanotechnology. In the present study extracellular biosynthesis of gold nanoparticle was done by Fusarium oxysporum fungus strain and the obtained nanoparticles were conjugated with streptomycin. Finally, the anti-bacterial property of the conjugated gold nanoparticles, was studied.
Fusarium oxysporum cultured in Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB) medium. Culture supernatant was subjected to chloroauric acid solution at the final concentration of 1 mmolar. Mixture was used to confirm the presence of nanoparticles with spectrophotometry methods, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Transition Electron Microscope (TEM). Conjugation of the antibiotics with gold nanoparticles was confirmed through spectrophotometry methods, TEM and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MICs) of the mixtures evaluated by broth dilution methods and agar well diffusion plate.
Gold nanoparticles had spectral absorption peak around 530 nm wavelength. XRD results confirmed presence of the elemental gold in the mixture and TEM images have shown the nanoparticles were spherical or hexagonal and their sizes were around 25-30 nanometer. Spectrophotometry, TEM and FTIR results confirmed the conjugation process. Based on the structure of the used antibiotics and the tested bacterial strains, gold nanoparticles that were conjugated with the antibiotics had different antibacterial properties.
Biological production of gold nanoparticles by Fusarium oxysporum can be done and conjugation of gold nanoparticles with streptomycin confirmed without any additional linkers.

Introduction and Aims: Fear is a normal reaction to dangers the main form of which is freezing (immobility and only breathing). According to the studies conducted, the main area of fear is amygdala the disruption or destruction of which will result in lack of learning and expressing fear. The aim of this study was to compare the short-term effect of oral Ritalin on emotional behaviors (fear and anxiety) in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats.
This experimental study was conducted on 48 immature male rats of about 3 weeks of age, classified into 8 groups of 6; namely the control group, groups of healthy rats with various doses of Ritalin (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg), the diabetic group and diabetic groups with various doses of Ritalin (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) received via oral gavage. After 7 days (the short-term period), to investigate anxiety-like behaviors and other parameters related to it, rats were evaluated in Elevated Plus Maze (EPM).
Results showed that in healthy groups, the higher was the dose of Ritalin, the more significant decrease was observed in fear relative to control group. In addition, in diabetic䘫媖 groups, the higher was the dose of Ritalin, the more significant decrease in fear was observed relative to diabetic group.
According to the findings, the anti-anxiety effect of Ritalin (methylphenidate) can be confirmed.

Introduction and Aims: As regards of industrial fruit juices are tasty and usually have exceptional nutritional qualities, they are one of the most popular beverages worldwide. Due to these products can be a potential source of toxic and carcinogenic elements, this study was carried out for analysis and health risk assessment of Zn and Cd in some commercial fruit juices marketed in Hamedan City in 2015.
After purchase and prepare of 16 samples of fruit juices, the concentrations of elements were determined using ICP-OES and health index was obtained. All statistical analyses (Shapiro-Wilk test and One-Sample t-test) were performed using the SPSS v.20 statistical package.
The maximum mean concentrations of Zn and Cd in fruit juice samples were 0.30±0.12 and 0.40±0.10 mg/l, respectively. Also the mean concentration of Cd in samples was upper than WHO and EPA maximum permissible limits (MPL). The results of HI showed that the HI for children and adult were 0.0011 and 0.00023, respectively for Zn, and for Cd were 0.36 and 0.077, respectively for children and adult and less than 1 for both analyzed elements.
According to the results, there was no health risk due to commercial fruit juice consumption, but because of heavy metals bio concentration and non-biodegradable potential, long-term health problems would not be unexpected in uncontrolled consumptions.

Introduction and Aims: In the event of damage to the skin, the epidermis of which goes to the disintegration of the body, is a wound that is common in diabetics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of grape (Vitis Vinifera) on wound healing in diabetic Wistar rat.
In this study 48 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (control, sham, experimental 1, empirical 2) were tested. The extra pawn injured area of 3 cm to the left of the spine created. Extract-treated group compared to one in three (aqueous extract eucerin) received. Wound healing was examined microscopically during 21 days.
Wound healing in group that became diabetes using streptozocin (the diabetic rats), showed late recovery compared to normal wound healing in normal groups and wound healing in experimental groups treated with aqueous extract of grape was accelerated compared control group.
The results showed that the aqueous extract of grape skin accelerate wound healing in normal and diabetic samples.

Introduction and Aims: Nowadays, GnRH agonist like buserelin acetate was used for treatment of infertility witch causes development of ovarian follicles. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of buserelin on the follicles development of ovary.
In this experimental interventional study, 24 adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8). First and second treated groups received 300 μg/kg and 600 μg/kg buserelin for 5 days respectively. Control group received normal saline the same times. Buserelin administrated subcutaneously. One month after first administration, the rats were anesthetized with a lethal dose of chloroform and ovaries were removed. After fixation and routine Tissue Processing specimens were sectioned into 5 μ thickness and then were stained with Hematoxilin and Eosin. Data were analyzed in GraphPad Prism 6 v 6.01 for windows, GraphPad Software using One Way ANOVA and Tukey test. P The mean of multilaminar follicles class I decreased significantly in the second and first treated groups compared with the control group (P=0.018, P=0.012, respectively). Also, mean of multilaminar follicles class II decreased significantly in second and first treated groups compared with the control group (P=0.031, P=0.005, respectively).
Our findings suggest short-term administration of high dose buserelin inhibits development of follicles in rat ovary.

Introduction and Aims: The pain experience in people with chronic pain can effect on psychological and social aspects, also influenced. The aim of this study was examining the perceptual beliefs, social support and experience of pain in patients with chronic pain.
In this regard, 120 men and women with chronic pain whom admitted to therapeutic centers of rheumatology and neurology in Urmia, in aspects of rheumatic diseases in three domains of low back pain, arthritis and osteoarthritis were selected equally by using available sampling method. Then, data related to perceptual beliefs, social support and experience of pain, in order to test the research hypotheses was collected, and finally data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of variance, univariate analysis of variance and independent t-test.
The results of data analysis showed that the three groups of patients with chronic pain were significant differences in the experience of pain and perceptual beliefs. So that patients with osteoarthritis, reported more severe pain experience than the two other groups. However, significant difference was not found between the groups on the perceived social support. Between men and women there was a significant difference in terms of perceived social support, but there was no difference in the experience of pain and pain perception beliefs.
Bio-psycho-social model and its relationship with various types of chronic pain can be provided useful insights on psychosocial dimensions in chronic patients.

Introduction and Aims: Osteoporosis is a skeletal system disease and the major consequence of this disease is bone fractures. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between body composition and bone mineral density of femur in athletic and nonathletic premenopausal women.
Recent research has the type of correlation descriptive. Its statistic sample was consisting of 15 active and 15 non active premenopausal women. Fat Mass (FM) and Lean Body Mass (LBM) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of femur were measured by DEXA machine. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS v.16 software and Pearson correlation test and regression in the level of P≤ 0.05.
The results of presents study showed that there is significant relationship between LBM with BMD of femoral neck (P=0.003) and also total femur (P=0.03) in athletic premenopausal women group. But also a significant relationship was observed between total body FM and LBM with BMD of femoral neck (P=0.02, P=0.007) and also trochanter (P=0.009, P=0.01) and total femur (P=0.007, P=0.04) in non-athletic premenopausal women.
LBM can be considered as strong predictor of BMD of femoral neck in athletic premenopausal women but FM and LBM is as determinant factor of BMD of femoral neck in non-athletic premenopausal women and FM is stronger predictor compered to LBM in the recent group.