فصلنامه شخصیت و تفاوت های فردی
سال پنجم شماره 12 (تابستان 1395)

The present study aims to investigate the impact of group reality therapy on psychological empowerment and procrastination among women who suffer from anxiety. This empirical study made use of a pre-test, a post test and a control group. The study sample consisted of 40 subjects suffering from anxiety who were randomly selected from housewives with anxiety in Ardabil. They were then randomly assigned into an experimental group (for group reality therapy) and a control group. The instruments used in this study included a psychological empowerment inventory (1995), a procrastination scale (2001) and an anxiety inventory (1988). The findings finally revealed that group reality therapy in the treatment group, in comparison with the control group, was more effective in improving psychological empowerment and procrastination. Based on the research findings, group reality therapy is an important factor in psychological empowerment and procrastination in women.

This study considers decreasing the parenting stress of the mothers of female students in elementary schools through acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in. It is a semi-experimental study, involving a pretest, a posttest and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all mothers of the female students in elementary schools of Khomeinishahr (Isfahan) in 2016-18. Sixty students were selected by convenience sampling and subdivided into two groups: an acceptance and commitment therapy experimental group and a control group. The experimental group subjects received family related training based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for ten 90-minute sessions while the control group received no training. The tool of this research was the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) (Abidin, 1990). The results of the analysis of covariance showed that in the sequence of controlling the impression of pretest, there is a meaningful difference between the experimental group and the control group in posttest around some variables such as the sense of competence, parent affection, role limitations, depression, the relation with husband, the total territory of parents, the total territory of child and parenting stress (P

This study investigated the relationship between mobile phone overuse and family flexibility and spiritual experiences in high school adolescent boys and girls. The study population included all girl and boy students from first to third year high school of district 14 in Tehran in the school year 2013-14. 600 students were selected by random cluster sampling. 409 students filled out the questionnaires, namely, a mobile phone overuse scale (Jenaro, Flores, Gomez, Gonzlez and Caballo, 2007), Family Flexibility (Shakeri, 2003) and daily spiritual experiences scales (Underwood and Teresi, 2002). A Pearson correlation coefficient significant test, stepwise regression analysis and an unequal variance t-test were used for data analysis. Results showed that there is a significant difference in mobile phone overuse and gender segregation and there is a significant positive correlation between mobile phone overuse and the flexible family of girl students, but there is no significant difference between the two variables in boys. And there was no significant relationship between the excessive use of mobile phones and spiritual experiences in any of the two groups.

The purpose of this research was to study the prediction of spiritual intelligence based on temperament and character and life orientation. 130 students (87 female and 43 male) were selected using the cluster sampling method from Islamic Azad University of Rasht during the 2015-2016 academic year. The subjects completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (Cloninger, 1994), a life orientation test (Scheier & carver, 1985) and a spiritual intelligence scale (King, 2008). The data were analyzed using correlation and regression analysis. The results showed that dimensions of self-directiveness, self–transcendence and life orientation were predictors of spiritual intelligence in the university students. Regarding the role of temperament and character and life orientation in predicting spiritual intelligence, it is recommended that these factors be taken into consideration in programs designed to promote mental health.

Using a correlational and causal-comparative design, this study aimed to assess and investigate Enneagram (nine personality types) and communication skills as the antecedents of resiliency. Participants were 320 university students from Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman (130 persons) and Islamic Azad University of Kerman (190 persons) who were selected via random cluster sampling procedure. Three instruments including the Resilience Scale for Adults (Jowkar, Friborg, & Hjemdal, 2010), Riso-Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator (Riso-Hudson, 2013), and Communication Skills Scale (Jerabek, 2004) were used to measure the variables. The validity and reliability for scales were assessed and calculated using factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed using simple linear regression. The results showed that among nine personality types, reformer, helper, achiever, loyalist and enthusiast types are positive predictors for resilience while individualistic and peacemaker personality types predict resilience negatively. But, investigator and challenger types cannot predict resilience. Furthermore, among the communication skills, only assertiveness was a positive predictor and other communication skills were negative predictors for resilience. In general, it can be concluded that certain personality traits like passion, forgiveness, adaptability, hard working, curiosity and assertiveness in communication can help people to experience higher levels of resiliency.

Personality, as an internal system, describes people’s thoughts, feelings and behavior. Since each group of people has its own set of traits, the aim of this study is to compare the personality traits and maladaptive schema of poets with nonpoets. The research is descriptive and causal-comparative because it seeks to discover effects through the study of causes. 50 poets and 50 non-poets were chosen using convenience sampling. In this study, the NEO Personality Inventory and YSQ-SF were used, which are both valid and reliable. Data analysis was based on descriptive and inferential statistics (MANOVA). The results showed that there is a significant difference (P

Psychological well-being is an essential component of general health and satisfaction. The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of self-compassion in the relation between attachment styles and psychological wellbeing. This research was a descriptive-correlational study. The sample consisted of 593 mothers of elementary school students in Urmia that were selected by multistage random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires about adult attachment (Collins and Reid, 1996), self-compassion (Neff, 2003), and psychological well-being (Ryff, 1980). Using Pearson's correlation coefficient path analysis and software SPSS 20 and Amos 22, the data were analyzed. The results of the study indicated that psychological well-being had significant positive associations with the secure attachment style and self-compassion. However, it had a significant negative relation with insecure attachment. Early models did not fit, but removing the path of avoidant attachment style to psychological well-being made the model fit. Predictor variables together explained 32% of the changes in psychological wellbeing (P