مجله دانشکده علوم پزشکی نیشابور
پیاپی 13 (زمستان 1395)

Psychological problems of chronic patients, especially diabetes, that often are ignored, need special attention to proper treatment. In current research, the effect of cognitive-behavioral Fordyce happiness training on sense of coherence in diabetic patients have been studied.
The design of research was a quasi-experimental design with pretest and post-test together with control group. The samples were 24 subjects on average 57 years old among diabetic patients Parsian diabetes clinic in Mashhad. The members of experimental and control groups responded to the sense of coherence questionnaire. Experimental group received 10 Fordyce happiness training sessions (1 hour for each session). Then for post-test both of groups responded to the sense of coherence questionnaire. The data were analyzed by covariance analysis ANCOVA.
The finding showed that Fordyce happiness cognitive-behavioral training could increase the average sense of coherence scores in experimental group in comparison with control group.
Based on these findings, in addition to increasing the sense of happiness among diabetic patients, Fordyce happiness training plan has meaningful effect on increasing the sense of coherence.

Precise cause of IBS is not known so far. In different researches numerous causes for this syndrome has been reported. Role of psychological factors in causing or exacerbating symptoms of this syndrome is reported in different studies. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation mechanisms and life style and depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
170 People with irritable bowel syndrome (93 females and 77 males) in a descriptive – correlation study over 4 GI clinic of Urmia city were selected by convenience sampling. Cognitive emotion regulation mechanisms questionnaire, lifestyle inventory and depression scale filled by respondents. For data analysis Matrix analysis and regression analysis were used (P=0.05).
Results showed that there is a meaningful association between cognitive emotion regulation mechanisms and lifestyle associated with depression significantly (0.534). Regression analysis showed that between predictive variables factors, blame others (14.1) has greatest predictive power in depression at patient with irritable bowel syndrome. Also linear regression analysis poses lifestyle factor as a significant predictor of depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
In current study the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation mechanisms and life style and depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome is confirmed, hence the importance of cognitive emotion regulation and factors related to lifestyle and the modifications in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome has revealed.

Peripheral arterial disease is the result of obstruction of blood circulation. Mast cells and platelets via induction of angiogenesis may cause the enhancement of amelioration local ischemia. The aim of this study was help to find an appropriate approach to recovery of ischemic condition in the restricted femoral artery localization.
30 male white Wistar rats were divided into 6 ischemic experimental groups (n=5), randomly: Ischemia control group: the femoral artery was transected‚ Phosphate buffer control solution (PBS) group: the transected location was immersed with PBS, Chitosan control group (CHIT): the transected location was immersed with chitosan solution, Mast cell transplanted experimental group (CHIT/Mast cells): the transected location was immersed with chitosan and mast cells (1× 106). Platelets transplanted experimental group (CHIT/plat): the transected location was immersed with chitosan and platelets (13×106). Platelets and mast cells transplanted experimental group (CHIT/plat/Mast cells): the transected location was immersed with chitosan, 13×106 platelets and mast cells (1×106).
Analyses of capillary density and histomorphometrical analysis were performed on day 7 after surgery. Mean number of blood vessels in CHIT/Mast cells group indicated a significant difference compared to other experimental groups (PMast cells using in tissue engineering could offer a new approach for therapeutic angiogenesis which is able to provide improved neovascularization in cases of peripheral arterial diseases.

Iran is located within the dry and semi dry regions, thus almost 90% of the required water is secured through the use of ground waters. This study was undertaken to evaluation of water quality pollution indices for heavy metals (As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Mn) contamination analysis in Razan Plain in 2012.
Totally, 20 ground water wells were chosen randomly. After preparation of samples for the analysis of cations in the labratory, elements (As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Mn) concentration were determined using ICP-OES. Also three documented methods evaluated in this study are the contamination index (Cd), the Heavy metal Pollution Index (HPI) and the Heavy metal Evaluation Index (HEI).
The results showed that mean values of Cd, HPI and HEI for spring season were -2.96, 45.47 and 4.04 respectively and for summer season were -3.54, 45.07 and 3.59 respectively and indicates low contamination levels. Also, comparing the mean concentrations of the evaluated metals with WHO maximum permissible limits (MPL) showed a significant difference (P However, the mean concentrations of the metals were significantly lower than MPL, but the irregular and long-term usage of agricultural inputs especially heavy metal based pesticides and fertilizers, use of wastewater and sewage sludge in agriculture, over use of organic fertilizers and establishment of pollutant industries can threaten the ground water, and cause irreversible damages in this area.

Earlier studies have shown a protective association between adherence to healthy eating guidelines and mental disorders in western nations; however, data in this regard are limited from the understudies region of Middle-East. We aimed to examine the association between adherence to healthy eating guidelines, as measured by AHEI, and prevalence of anxiety and depression in a large sample of Iranian adults.
In this cross-sectional study, data on dietary intakes of 3363 adult participants were collected using a validated dish-based 106-item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Adherence to healthy eating was quantified using AHEI as suggested by earlier publications. The Iranian validated version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depression in study participants. Data on other covariates were gathered using a pre-tested questionnaire.
Overall, the frequency of anxiety and depression was 15.2% and 30.0%, respectively. After taking potential confounders into account, participants with greater adherence to AHEI had 48% lower odds of depression compared with those in the bottom quartile (OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.39-0.70). Those in the highest quartile of AHEI had a 29% lower odds of anxiety, compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR=0.71; 95% CI: 0.54-0.94); however, adjustment for dietary intakes and body mass index attenuated the association (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.52-1.09).
Adherence to healthy eating was inversely associated with a lower chance of depression in Iranian adults. Further studies, especially with prospective design, are required to confirm these associations in Middle-Eastern populations.

Nanoparticles manufactured using nanotechnology, have always been a concern because of their toxic and harmful effects, despite having numerous benefits. In this study, the effect of gold nanoparticles on LH and FSH hormones as well as testosterone was investigated in males NMRI.
30 male NMRI were classified randomly into 3 groups of 10 including control and experimental groups where the mouse received 50ppm and 100ppm of nanoparticles. Then, gold nanoparticles were injected for 7 days using intraperitoneal injection and after the seven-day period, animals were anesthetized using ketamine and xylazine and blood samples are taken from heart. Then, they were dissected and testicle tissue was extracted to be prepared to perform histological studies.
In this study, significant differences was observed in concentration of LH and FSH hormones (increased concentration) in taken doses and significant changes were observed in testosterone hormone (decrease) in doses of 100 and 50 ppm that could be because of the inhibiting effect of gold nanoparticles on the performance of testosterone producing cells. Statistical calculations were performed using the statistical software version SPSS v.21.
Results of this study showed that gold nanoparticles change the amount of LH and FSH hormones as well as testosterone in male Syrian mouse and this will result in interference with metabolism system.

Recent research has shown that diabetes leads to movement disorders and cognitive impairment in learning. Kudzu root is an isoflavone and saponin which has often been used as an antihyperglycemic agent. Kudzu has the ability to decrease a glucose level which is insulin independent and similar to the metformin. Also it can reduce oxidative stress by scavenging of free radicals. The present study has been conducted to evaluate of the effect of Kudzu root on learning¸ spatial cognition and mobility in diabetic rats.
In this experimental study¸24 male Wistar rats were divided into following groups: control¸ diabetic and Kudzu- treated diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (dose 50mg/kg). One week after STZ injection¸ Kudzu was gavaged at the dose of 50 mg/kg for six weeks. Behavioral tests including spatial recognition¸ object recognition and the grip traction motor tests were performed.
In spatial recognition test¸ the number of locomotion and learning arms of the Y maze in the Kudzu root-treated group increased significantly in comparison with diabetic group. In objects recognition test¸ the number of recognition novel object in Kudzu root-treated diabetic group was significantly more than diabetic group.
Kudzu root treatment for diabetic rats within 6 weeks can improve movement disorders and cognitive dysfunction in memory and learning.

Consumption more of level nitrate and phosphates threatens human health. Vegetable and fruits are the great sources of nitrate and phosphate in human diet. The purpose of study is to determine the amount of nitrate and phosphate in consuming onions of Hamedan.
Sampling performed randomly to number of 10 onion samples in 3 repetition in April and February 2015 & 2016. Concentration of nitrate and phosphates analyzed by spectrophotometer after extracting by method acid digestion and dry ash. For statistical processing of results used from software SPSS v.20 and T-independent and one sample T-test.
Results showed that nitrate average in white and red onions in April was 60.65mg/kg and 275.97mg/kg respectively and in February was 194.85mg/kg and 244.67mg/kg respectively. Also phosphate average in white and red onions in April is 6205.11mg/kg and 13526.87 mg/kg respectively and in February is 6124.12 mg/kg and 7512.11 mg/kg respectively.
Findings showed that the concentration of nitrate and phosphate in red onions of collected in April and white onions collected in February are more than WHO standard. In this study the reason of high nitrate and phosphate in the consumed onions in Hamedan is probably use of unsuitable, unbalanced and high amount of nitrate and phosphate manures. Therefore regular monitor of products by “Deputy of Food and Drug” of Medical Science University is seems to be necessary.