مجله علوم پزشکی رازی
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 5 (پیاپی 158، امرداد 1396)

Advances in medical science and success in increasing the survival rate of vulnerable infants has raised the future evolution issues of these children. Developmental and behavioral disorders are the most common problem in children after discharge from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).An extensive range of factors involve in the occurrence of developmental disorders. According to the importance of the subject and lack of accurate information in the field of risk factors, related factors with the developmental disorders was investigated in this article, in low weight infants with history of care in NICU.
This Cohort study was performed on 76, 4-24 month-old infants with a history of hospitalization in NICU of Shiraz Hazrat Zeinab (SA) hospital with an average weight of (1800gr). The information on pregnancy, child birth and problems during hospitalization was registered. These 4-24 month-old infants were evaluated developmentally according to Age & stage questionnaire (ASQ). The data was analyzed by statistical tests.
In the conducted evaluation using ASQ, the correlation coefficient statistical test did not show any significant relationship between developmental disorder with mechanical ventilation, duration of hospitalization, surfactant and betamethasone injection, initial and final diagnosis of diseases (r 0.05).
Although improvement in respiratory therapy, monitoring system, non-invasive or minimal invasive procedures and developmental care were decrease neonatal mortality rate and prematurity complications, but we cannot find any relationship between NICU-related risk factors and neurologic outcome. For better outcome we must detect developmental delay as soon as possible and start early rehabilitation of low birth weight infants after discharge from NICU.

Hepatitis B is a viral infection, which remains a global health problem and annually kills about 800,000 people worldwide. Regarding the changes in the transmission patterns of contamination, training at community level, and especially training of people at risk, can be effective in preventing the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of students about hepatitis B infection.
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. 300 subjects were selected by simple random sampling. The subjects of this study included 162 female students (54%) and 138 male students (46%). For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient, Chi square and independent t-test was used.
In total, 36% were undergraduate, 40% MD, 16% Masters and 8% were Ph.D. 66% of the subjects had moderate awareness, 10% had low awareness and 24% had good knowledge of hepatitis B infection. Also, the knowledge level of undergraduate students and PhD students was significantly higher than undergraduates and Ph.D. students (p our results showed that the majority of subjects had moderate knowledge HB (66% of subjects). Thus the need for more training in this area as well as among the people due to less awareness is felt.

Breast pathologies has a greatinfluence on morbidities and mortalities in all nations. Reasons for high prevalence of breast cancer in Iran is a point of intensedebate, which needs more data for better interpretion. Thus, we decided to perform a study showing frequencies of breast pathologies.
In a cross sectional study in Rasule- Akramhospital, we gathered information's of 150 patients, who came to our center to evaluate breast lumps in the year 2015. All the patients undergone breast biopsy. The data were forage, gender, and pathology type.
From 150 cases, 146 patients were female (97.3%), and 4 were male (2.7%). 106 hadinvasive ductal carcinoma (70.7%) which had the highest frequency. Other pathologies were; fibroadenoma 14 cases (9.3%), lobular carcinoma 12 cases (8%), Intraductalpapiloma 5 cases (3.3%), phyllodes tumor 3 cases (2%), mucinous carcinoma 2 cases (1.3%), fat necrosis 2 cases (1.3%). The lowest prevalent disease types weremetastasis to the breast, fibrotic tissue due to previous mastectomy, and granulomatous mastitis with only one case (0.7%). In 67 cases (44.67%)there was accompaniment of fibrocystic changes with other mentioned pathologies, within which the strongest concomitance of the fibrocystic changeswas for invasive ductal carcinoma in45 cases (67.16%).
Breast cancer has a very high prevalence worldwide. The prevalence seems to be even higher in Iran. Therefore, we to screenand train high risk patients to detect the carcinoma in the lower stages to lessen the burden of the disease.

Non-dystrophy myotonias (NDMs) have similar clinical signs of muscle weakness and congenital myotoniais typical example. This disease is caused by mutations in CLCN1 gene. CLCN1 gene has 23 exons and exon 8 is hotspot. Mutations in skeletal muscle chloride channel gene are associated with a group of clinically overlapping diseases by alterations in the excitability of the sarcolemma. The purpose of the study is to identify hotspot exon 8 mutations in Iranian non-dystrophic myotonic patients.
In this study, twenty eight Iranian sporadic patients with non-dystrophic myotonia analyzed for the mutation scanning in exon 8 of CLCN1 gene by PCR-SSCP. DNA fragments showing abnormal banding patterns were sequenced for identification of exact mutations.
We found no mutation in exon 8 of CLCN1 genes.
Our study indicates no mutation in the CLCN1 gene in Iranian non-dystrophic myotonia patients, but we suggest follow-up studies for finding the direct molecular relation of this gene with this disorder.

After puberty, asthma becomes more prevalent and severe in women as compared to men. Researchers are suggesting a role for sex hormones impact on inflammatory mediators. Physical activity decreases inflammation and sex hormone levels and improves pulmonary functions in asthmatic patients. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training on sex hormones and blood markers of airway inflammation in mid-luteal phase of asthmatics women.
The present study is of semi-experimental type wherein 24 women with mild to moderate asthma and regular menstrual cycles were selected and divided into two groups including exercise (n=13) and control (n=11) groups. The exercise group performed aerobic exercise training, three times a week, 60 minutes each session. Before and after the last training session and in mid luteal phase, estrogen, progesterone and blood inflammatory markers were measured. The research data analyzed using the dependent and independent t test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression.
Twenty-one subjects (12 in exercise and 9 in control) completed the protocol. A significant decrease in serum IL-5 (p=0.001, t=-3.87), IL-4 (p= 0.026, t= - 2.68), and FEV1 (p=0.039, t=2.22) was observed following the 12 weeks of training in the exercise group compared to the control group. Linear regression model revealed that changes in progesterone concentration significantly contributed to the change in serum Il-5 levels (p=0.01, t=3.14, R2=0.497).
The present study indicates that 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training could play a useful role in the decreases of some inflammatory markers by changing levels of progesterone.

With the advancement of human society and changes in lifestyles, metabolic diseases and obesity are expanding rapidly among human populations. Researchers want to find new indicators to obtain comprehensive information about the fitness and health status. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between health and anthropometric indices with handgrip strength, physiological indices and the 2D:4D ratio in children 8 to 15 years.
Participants in this study were 362 boys with an average age of 11.78±2.32 years, height 151.39±15.79 cm and body mass 38.06 ± 10.87kg. After completing the consent by their parents, anthropometric indices (body mass, height, sitting height, elbow width, knee width, leg length, arm circumference and calf circumference), second finger (index finger) and fourth finger (ring finger) sizes, health indices (BMI, WHR, fat percentage) and physiological (strength, speed, endurance and flexibility) were measured.
The results show that the 2D:4D ratio and handgrip strength is a significant relationship with health indices and anthropometric indices except body mass and sitting height (p≤ 0.05). According to the results, significant correlations (p≤ 0.05) were found between other physiological indicators with health and anthropometric indices except sit-ups and running 20 meters with BMI.
According to the results, some of studied indicators can be used to examine children's physical health and fitness level.

Currently, psychological disorders are prevalent everywhere. The most important psychological disorders are depression and low self-esteem. Dietary diversity score is important criterion for nutritional adequacy and a good predictor for chronic diseases of which its relationship with psychological diseases has received less attention. This study examines the relationship between dietary diversity scores with depression and self-esteem among Iranian soldiers in a barracks in Tehran.
According to the study inclusion criteria and using cluster sampling method 246 Iranian soldiers were selected for this study. Demographic, socio-economic status and physical activityby data were collected using a questionnaire. For all participants a 24-hour food recall and dietary diversity was measured. Depression and self-esteem were measured by DASS and Rosenberg standard questionnaires. P 15.9% of subjects had major depression and 37% had low self-esteem. Odds ratio quartiles of dietary diversity for risk of depression, after adjusting for confounding pointers, were or = 1.00, 0.78, 0.75, 0.69; p Dietary diversity score reduces the odds ratio of depression but not affect self-esteem.