نشریه علوم و فنون شیلات
سال ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 20، پاییز 1396)

This trial was to investigate the effect of emulsifier on growth performance, blood factors and carcass composition in rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) fed fat powder diet. A basal diet was formulated using common feed ingredients supplemented with 0.5 and 1% of cholic acid and 2 and 4% of tween80, plus a control diet without emulsifier, leading to five experimental diets. Juvenile rainbow trout with an initial weight of 27.32±2.03 g was fed with experimental diets for 8 weeks. The results showed no significant differences between the value of body weight increasing (BWI), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FCR) and hepato somatic index (HSI) (P>0.05) while, visceral somatic index (VSI) was significantly higher in control diet. Emulsifier had significant effects on blood parameters such as white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), MCV, MCH and MCHc (P

The aim of this research was to study the effect of nutritional and organoleptic properties of various cooking methods of burgers prepared from kilka surimi and ground chicken meat. Surimi was prepared from common Kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris) after gutting, deboning and beheading of the fish. The burgers were made with a 1:1 ratio of Kilka surimi and ground chicken meat. The burgers were fried, grilled or cooked using microwave. Nutritional properties (moisture, protein, fat, and ash), water holding capacity and organoleptic properties (taste, smell, texture, color and overall acceptability) in each treatment were measured. Moisture content and water holding capacity in raw samples, protein content in samples cooked in the microwave, and fat and ash in fried sample were higher than the other samples. For sensory evaluation, fried samples were scored the highest in terms of taste, color and overall acceptability and the samples cooked using microwave were scored the highest for their desirable smell. In this study, frying was the most desirable method of cooking due to the appealing flavor and aroma of the samples for the panelists. On the other hand, the protein content of samples cooked using microwave was significantly higher than the other treatments. The results of this study suggest that microwaving is the most efficient method of cooking for the burgers prepared from Kilka surimi and ground chicken meat.

The present study was to evaluate the effect of dietary yeast cell wall (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and cinnamon essential oil (Cinnamomum verum) supplementation on growth indices, serum biochemical parameters and immunity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Using a 2×2 factorial experiment, 276 fingerlings (9.67 ± 1.20 g) were fed four different experimental diets (including control diet, diet supplemented with 1.5 % yeast cell wall or 1 % cinnamon essential oil and a diet containing 1.5 % yeast cell wall and 1 % cinnamon essential oil) for a 60-day period. At the end of the trial, specific growth rate and weight gain significantly decreased in fish fed diet supplemented with 1% cinnamon essential oil (P≤0.05), however, feed conversion ratio was not statistically differed amongst treatments (P>0.05). Fish fed diets containing 1% cinnamon essential oil had the highest hepatosomatic index (P≤0.05). The highest red blood cell count and blood hemoglobin content belonged to group fed diet containing 1% cinnamon essential oil (P≤0.05). Simultaneous feeding with yeast cell wall and cinnamon essential oil significantly resulted in higher hematocrit value. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased in group fed diet containing 1.5% yeast cell wall. Dietary cinnamon essential oil supplementation also resulted in lower alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyltransferase activity of serum (P≤0.05). The highest serum total protein and globulin content and lysozyme activity were observed in fish fed diet only supplemented with yeast cell wall (P≤0.05). In conclusion, dietary cinnamon essential oil and yeast cell wall inclusion resulted in improved immunity of rainbow trout fingerlings.

To investigate the efficacy of tobacco extract and MS-222, comparison of hematological parameters, and biochemical indices under optimum doses, 325 specimen of juvenile Sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus with an average weight of 64.1 ± 3.4 gr and total length of 25.3 ± 0.3 were used. Both losing time of equilibrium and induced time of anesthesia were reduced by increasing the concentrations of these two agents, whereas time of recovery increased. Optimal concentrations were selected as 675 mg/l and 60 mg/l for tobacco extract and MS-222, respectively regarding the time of anesthesia and recovery. There was a significant decrease in hematocrit, hemoglobin, number of red blood cells for all treatments compared to control group; then, significant changes was observed in the mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Also, white blood cells, neutrophil, lymphosyte, and eosinophil changed significantly among treatments. A significant increase in plasma cortisol was observed immediately after induction for all treatments, then decreased from start to the end. Whereas, only fish exposed to handling stress indicated significant change in glucose concentration. On the other hand, lactate concentration indicated a significant decrease trend for both tobacco extract and handling stress, which the maximum level occurred immediately after induction. Overall, considering the lower changes in biochemical indices for fish anesthetized with MS-222 compared to tobacco extract, it appears MS-222 had the lower physiological responses in juvenile Sterlet, and therefore would be recommended rather than tobacco extract.

In this study, the combined effects of temperature and photoperiod on ascorbic acid of freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus quadricauda were investigated. The experiment was carried out at three photoperiods (8L:16D, 12L:12D and 16L:8D) and three temperatures (20, 25 and 30 °C) for 20 days as completely randomized design in 5-L Erlenmeyer flasks. Based on results, the acid ascorbic (AA) were significant differences among treatments (p

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of different fat levels and substitution of sodium chloride salt with potassium chloride on physic- chemical and sensorial properties and shelf life of fish sausage produced from minced fish in the refrigerator. To do this, the sausages have been produced with different fat levels (10, 15, 20 %) and substitution of part of sodium chloride with potassium chloride( 0.95 KCl 0.54 NaCl and 0.47 KCl 1.02 NaCl)and have been reserved in refrigerator for 30 days and physical, chemical and sensorial evaluations have been done. The results of analyzing the approximate composition and PH show salient differences between different formulations of sausage and the control sample (p 0.05). There was not a salient difference in color, taste and total acceptance between samples and control sample. Generally sensorial properties reduced in time but this reduction was not significant. Increase of thiobarbituric acid has been observed in all treatment over time but this amount never violated the normal range in any treatments.

In this study, the diet contains ascorbic acid at a concentration of 100, 400, 1600 mg kg astaxanthin concentrations of 40, 60 and 100 mg per kilogram of meat lasting quality rainbow trout were studied. The study on 210 rainbow trout with an average weight of about 100 g was performed in seven groups. To study of the process in change and compare the quality of the samples with chemical indicators such as Peroxide (PV), Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and hydrolysis of lipids (FFA) and PH as well as sensory indicators in five separate time periods of four days (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16) were sampled at ambient temperature in the refrigerator. The results showed that the antioxidant effect and time-consuming amounts of FFA, PH, PV and TBA was significant. Given the significance of the interaction between antioxidants and time can be concluded that the results of the main effects of treatments and time data to all levels of the antioxidant is applied. A total of 1600 samples also contain astaxanthin 100 and ascorbic acid provides the best storage conditions and sensory properties (parameters smell, taste, texture and color) had no significant difference. The results can be used also Organoleptic of the highest astaxanthin and ascorbic acid for use in the diet of fish offered.

In this study five diets were formulated to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary Gracilaria pygmaea powder on growth performance, feed, apparent digestibility of and water stability in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Four formulated diets with three different levels of G.pygmaea (GL5, Gl10, GL15%) against a control (0% G.pygmaea) were fed to triplicate groups of L.vannamei (mean initial 6/5-7gr) for 40 days. Shrimp were fed 3 times per day, to apparent satiation and amounts of diet applied were recorded. After 40 days trial, results showed that final body weight (FBW) and weight gain (WG) of shrimp fed 10% (G.pygmaea) diets were significantly higher that those of shrimp fed other diets (P 0/05). The results of this study showed that diet supplemented with 10% Gracilaria has a positive effect on the diet water stability, growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei.

To improve the texture and acceptance capabilities of silver carp burger and increase per capita consumption this product, the pectin was used as texture enhancers. Pectin is a polysaccharide that can be used in food to improve gel texture properties. In this research uses three different treatments, silver carp fried fish burger as control, fried fish burger with 0/3 % pectin as treatment 1, fried fish burger with 0/6 % pectin as treatment 2. Sensory evaluation and texture analysis tests was performed in zero phases and then monthly for six months and the results were compared with texture analysis. According to the results of the texture analysis of fish burger treatments, significant differences in the juiciness,overall acceptance was observed.The sensory evaluation index are also significant differences between fish burger formulated contains 0/3% pectin than the other two treatments was observed after six months storage at-18°C, therefor according to sensory evaluation and texture analysis, formulating fish burger contains 0/3% pectin most stable and acceptable formulation in terms of scoring during storage.

Nowadays, replacement of the synthetic antioxidants by natural ones has been noticed in the food industry. Seaweeds with rich sources of antioxidant compounds will be excellent choice for this purpose. In the study Effect of the use of water and different organic solvents such as acetone, ethanol and methanol 50% on the total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity was studied for two species of red algae Hypnea hamulosa and Gracilaria corticata of Persian Gulf. Extraction was performed using conventional solvent extraction method and the ratio of 1:20 algae: solvent. The results indicated that acetone extracts (50%) had the highest values in the total phenol contents (0.31 mg tannic acid / g algal powder), ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.06 mg tannic acid / g algal powder), DPPH radical scavenging activity 76.11% (p 0.05). Comparison of two algal species showed that in all factors except total antioxidant activity, algal species Gracilaria corticata had a higher antioxidant activity (p