مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 12 (پیاپی 137، اسفند 1396)

Today, in spite of the progress made in all sciences especially in medicine and health, parasitic diseases are still a major health and economic problem in many countries, especially developing countries. These countries are losing a lot of manpower, consuming high costs and time in order to eradicate and control the parasites; therefore, it has caused many problems. In this study, the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the specimens sent to the Central Laboratory and also Shahid Sadoughi Hospital laboratory in Yazd during 2015-2016 was investigated based on age, sex and season.
The sampling method was as easy and with the census from total of referrals to the Central Laboratory and also Shahid Sadoughi Hospital laboratory of Yazd during 2015-2016. Most of the stool specimens were prepared in three steps and one step by direct method (Physiology serum and Lugol's solution) and then were examined by the light microscope.
40351 cases were investigated. The highest number of referrals and positive cases were related to the summer season and the least positive cases were related to the winter season. The age groups of 0-10 and 30-40 years old had the highest levels of infection, respectively. There was a significant relationship between age and infection prevalence (P=0.001).
The findings of this study indicate that the frequency of intestinal parasites in Yazd province was low due to warm and dry weather and the fit health level was low and significantly decreased compared to previous years, but similar to other parts of the country, the highest prevalence was related to low ages and Giardia and Blastocystis hominis.

Sexual dysfunctions are more common than previously thought. These types of disorders have many negative consequences. Sexual dysfunctions are closely linked to the social problems, such as crimes, mental illness and divorce. Lack of quality of life, anxiety, low self-esteem, selfishness, nervousness, tenderness of pain and discomfort, inability to concentrate on thinking and even inability to performing the ordinary tasks are also other consequences of failure to satisfying the sexual instinct. The purpose of this review was evaluation of the sexual dysfunction of women during the postpartum period.
In this study, a comprehensive overview of the articles was conducted in English and Persian. In order to search for articles in Persian, we used Iranian databases SID, IranMedex and Magiran and to search for English articles, we use Proquest, PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct, EBSCO, MD consult Cochrane Library, Sciruse, and Google Scholar.
Sexual function is like a cycle and various factors affect on it. Among the various factors that affect the person's tendencies, sexual function and behavior, it can point out to the other factors such ass physiological, anatomical, psychological, socio-cultural, economic-political factors, etc. Understanding the sexual experiences of women during the postpartum period will have an important role in the maintaining of the family health and also establishing the natural and instinctive relationships. Therefore, attention to the sexual health should be one of the main components of cares in order to taking a step to resolve women's problems.

The identification of people with carotid calcified atheroma is an important measure to reduce the incidence of brain stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of carotid artery atheroma in post-menopausal women in panoramic radiographs.
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 151 panoramic radiographs from women aged 45 years and above that referred to the Radiology Department of Yazd Dental School during 2016-17, were selected by convenience sampling method. Radiographs were examined by PlanMeca 2002 EC proline panoramic digital machine. In radiographs, the presence or absence of carotid calcified atheroma was investigated and cases with differential diagnosis of atheroma were excluded. Patient's tomography data were recorded in a questionnaire and the collected data were analyzed by SPSS20 software and Chi-square test.
Resultus: In this study, 151 panoramic radiographs evaluated, 69 samples (45.7%) had carotid artery atheroma in radiography, and the largest view 40 samples (26.5%) were bilaterally.
The more time passes from the menopause of patients,the more they become involved with carotid artery calcification. That means carotid atheroma has a significant relationship with the number of years pass from menopause.

Diabetes mellitus is a common condition that is recommended for the treatment and control of various therapies, such as the use of natural drugs and inactivity reduction.It has been reported exercise and herbs can possess synergistic effects to control diabetes side-effects. The purpose of the present study was investigation of the effects of high-intensity interval training and taking curcumin supplement on Concentration of glucose and insulin resistance, in diabetic rats.
In a clinical trial Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided to four groups of curcumin, training, training- curcumin, and control. The subjects had being trained to perform high-intensity interval training on treadmill and in the fashion of increasing manner. Diabetes was induced via injection of 50 (ml/Kg rat weight) STZ. Fifty (ml/kg rat weight) curcumin had being nourished to the animals of the curcumin groups, by using the gavage technique, during a period of eight weeks (five days a week). The rats were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of ketamine, 24 hrs after the intervention. Then, The blood was taken from the heart of the rats to examine changes glucose and insulin resistance.
Resultus: Concentration level of glucose and insulin resistance of the three groups of curcumin, training-placebo, and training-curcumin decreseded significantly than correspondent levels of the control group(P≤0.05). Though, no significant difference was observed, between those three groups (P≤0.05).
The results of the present study have indicated that Despite the significant effect of training and curcumin Concentration of glucose and insulin resistance, but those two interventions would not strengthen the influences of each other.

Most common causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) in young patients are benign perianal lesions, but serious colorectal disease may be underlying etiology in this group. The aim of this study was identification of LGIB etiologies in the patients under 40 years old.
Materials: In this retrospective descriptive study, which has been done during 2012-2013, 333 young patients (less than 40 years old) with lower GIB referred to Endoscopy Ward of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital assessed by colonoscopy with or without histopathology.
Resultus: In this study, 57% of patients were males. Majority of them were between 30-40 years old. The most common presentation was hematochezia (49%) and the most common cause was internal hemorrhoid (17%). Other causes included: inflammatory bowel disease (15%), polyp (9%), infectious colitis (8%), anal fissure (6%), colon cancer (4%), solitary rectal ulcer (4%), vascular lesion (2%), aphtus lesion (1.1%), diverticulosis (0.6%) ,anal tuberculosis (0.3%) and normal colon (33%).
Considerable number of our cases had inflammatory bowel disease and malignancy. Seven patients had serious disease and simple anal disease simultaneously.
Significant portion of LGIB in the patients less than 40 years old are due to serious colorectal disease. So, careful approach and appropriate timing for colonoscopy is recommended.

Biologic foreign body had been rarely reported. Reported cases are mainly due to the explosion but there are few cases in the traffic road accidents.
Our report is due to a case of motorcycle to motorcycle road accident. The victim was 18 years old man with femoral shaft open fracture and Pease of diaphyseal bone in the knee region. The bone segment was biologic foreign body that was transmitted from the counterpart of the accident that had open femoral shaft fracture and was died at the scene.
Biological foreign bodies beside the physical damages to the body had the risk of transmitting blood borne diseases that should be managed perfectly.

The reference values for anthropometrics obtained from a specific population may not be appropriate for use in other populations. This study aimed to provide the reference values for body mass index (BMI) in a large Iranian population aged 20-69 years old living in Yazd City, Iran.
In this study, anthropometrics and related variables of 9422 residents of Yazd were analyzed. Body mass index (BMI) for the 5th, 85th, 90th, and 95th percentiles according to gender and age were calculated. The generalised additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) was fitted to the data. Akaike's Information Criteria (AIC) was used to study the occasion of the model. The R software was used to analyze the data.
Overweight levels for healthy men and women varied from 25.2 to 28.4 and 25.6 to 27.9, respectively. The levels of obesity varied from 27.8 to 30.3 in men and from 28.2 to 32.3 in women. According to the suggested cut offs, the prevalence of obesity was 27.9% , the prevalence of overweight was 17.1% and the overall prevalence of obesity and overweight was 45% in the reference population.
The findings of this study showed that the need for more attention to obesity and overweight and lifestyle improvements in weight loss, especially in females, are completely felt and the causes of this phenomenon and its harmful effects on the health of the community should be more prominent in the policy makers of the health sector.

Effects of many flavonoids have been studied on memory, learning and improvement of Alzheimer. Many flavonoids are effective in the improvement of Alzheimer. Since no study has been conducted on the effect of salvigenin on memory and learning, our aim was to examine the effect of this flavonoid.
Intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose at a dose of 120 mg / kg was used for 45 for creation of Alzheimer disease model. In this experimental study, 28 male wistar rats weighing approximately 200-250 grams were divided into 4 groups with 7 members, including: normal group: rats that received no drugs, control group: alzheimer disease model rat, which had been stricken to Alzheimer by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose at a dose of 120 mg/kg and 1, 2 salvigenin groups: in which each group was the same as the control group. Furthermore, they received daily 10 or 20 mg/kg of salvigenin by gavage. In order to evaluate memory, shuttle box and passive avoidance learning was used 2 and 7 days after learning. To assess the mRNA expression rate of BDNF, the entire RNA of hippocampus was isolated and after synthesis of Complementary DNA (cDNA), real time and PCR were done and relative expression of mRNA was evaluated.
The results showed that daily administration of different doses of salvigenin can slow down Alzheimer's induction. The delay duration in entering the dark compartment in trained rats in the treated group was significantly more than the control group. mRNA expression rate of BDNF in salvigenin receiving groups was more than control group.
Generally it can be concluded that salvigenin can improve the memory caused by Alzheimer and also increase mRNA expression rate of BDNF in Alzheimer's rats.