فصلنامه آسیب شناسی درمانگاهی دامپزشکی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 46، تابستان 1397)

Intestinal protozoa in dogs have a fairly large variety, and infection prevalence can be observed subclinical and or clinical sometimes. Different species such as Entamoeba spp, Sarcocystis spp, Isospora spp and Cryptosporidium spp can be seen in the dog’s intestine. Regarding the importance of pathogenic protozoan parasites in the intestines of dogs and their zoonotic importance, this study was conducted on stray dogs in Tabriz city. This study was carried out from august 2015 to 2016, for 12 months. During this study, one hundred fecal samples of dogs were obtained from different regions of Tabriz city and then microscopic parasitological examination performed. Samples test were condensed with formel ether, and also, to observe different protozoan parasite and Cryptosporidium spp were used three-chrome and modified Ziel-Nielsen staining respectively. From one hundred examined stool samples, 54% were infected with all types of protozoa infection and observed protozoa were included: Entamoeba hystolica, Entamoeba coli, Isospora oocysts and Cryptosporidium spp. In all age groups, Entamoeba hystolica and Cryptosporidium spp were with the highest and the lowest prevalence respectively. Given to the high prevalence, giving necessary awareness and training to dogs owners by veterinarians can prevent greatly the spread of disease in human and animals.

Parasitic diseases are the major obstacle in the growth and development of animal health all over the world. Horses, among most domestic animals are reported to be more susceptible to a large number of parasites and may harbor different species at any time. The present study was carried out to establish the Gastrointestinal Parasites (GIP) profile of club and rural horses in Ardabil city. A total of fifty (50) horses made up of 34 males and 16 females were examined in spring and summer, 2015. Fecal samples were processed by flotation techniques. GIP encountered were Strongyles (34%), Parascaris equorum (20%), Strongyloides westrii. (12%), Anoplocephalidae (6%), Trichostrongylus spp. (4%), Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum (4%) and Dicrocoelium dendriticum (2%). According to the results, no significant differences in infection rate were found between male and female horses. But intensity of infection in untreated horses were significantly more than treated horses (P<0.05). There was no significant differences between infected and uninfected horses in age despite of more infection rate were found in horses aged 6 – 10yrs. Meanwhile in 4% of samples Ornithobilharzia eggs were found that is the first report of this parasite in horses in the region.

The positive effect of probiotics on performance and health status of suckling calves has long been demonstrated. In this regards, in overall, 24 male and female calves with an average weight of 3 ± 50 kg and the age of about 3 ± 40 for the experimental period of 45 days was selected. Treatments include 1) control, 2) group receiving Lactobacillus casei stain, 3) the group receiving Lactobacillus acidophilus strain. The admixture of experimental treatments with physiological serum (carrier) was supplemented to the calves. The outputs showed that the supplementation of probiotics based lactobacilli strain had no significant effect on feed intake. Although, supplementation of lactobacilli strains increases the weight of the calves were in the entire period (p<0.05). Also, the results demonstrated that the treatments containing probiotics improve feed efficiency in a period of weaning as well as in the entire period of the experiment(p <0.05).The addition to, supplementation of probiotics in the diet of calves significantly increased blood glucose content and reduced blood urea nitrogen (p <0.05). Inversely, there is no significant effect on the amount of total protein, albumin, triglycerides and blood cholesterol was shown. Furthermore, observed results showed that the use of probiotic supplements can improve health indicators were numerically but not statistically. According to all outputs, we can conclude the supplementation of probiotics in the diet of calves improves performance and has a beneficial effect on blood parameters.

Celery (Apium graveolens) is a biennial, belonging to family Apiaceae. Various parts of celery are used in hepatic and spleen disorders, brain disorders, body pain, and sleep disturbances. The present study was planned to investigate effect of celery ethanolic extract on ethylene glycol induced kidney injury in male Wistar rats. Urolithiasis was induced in hyperoxaluric rat model by giving 0.75% ethylene glycol for 28 days. Animals were divided into 8 groups (n=6) including normal control, urolithiatic control (0.75% ethylene glycol in their drinking water), normal rats receiving celery extract at doses 50, 100, 200 mg/kg, b urolithiatic rats receiving celery extract at doses 50, 100, 200 mg/kg intragastrically. In the end of experiment (28 days), blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and serum calcium and oxalate was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey post hoc test (p<0.05). Our results showed that significantly elevation of serum calcium and oxalate in urolithiatic control compared with the normal control rats. However, administration of celery extract produced significantly reduction in serum calcium and oxalate in urolithiatic rats compared with the urolithiatic control. Thus, celery extract could ameliorate urolithiasis induced by ethylene glycol. Therefore, celery extract might have potential clinical implications in preventing the oxidative renal cell injury that can ultimately lead to kidney stone formation.

It seems that the evaluation of parameters like serum biochemical changes following intense physical activity can help to provide data which may help in predicting the athletic capacity of horse in racing conditions. In present study, serum concentration of some biochemical factors was determined before and after intense physical activity in nine, 4-10 years old Arab horses. The blood samples were collected at 1 h before (T0) just after )T1(, 3 hours (T2) and 24 hours (T3) after running with maximum speed in a 1250-meters course. The measuring of serum values of total protein, albumine, BUN, creatinine and glucose and also serum activity of creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes were done by routine laboratory methods. The data were analyzed statistically with one-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test. The results showed that all of the measured parameters, except BUN were significantly increased after running .It seems that heamoconcentration caused by severe sweating and stress induced by racing conditions, are the reason of these changes.

Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis is an untreatable infectious disease of ruminants with a global distribution caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). The disease is commonly spread by fecal-oral contamination of calves. Persistent diarrhea, weight loss and decrease in milk production are the most important signs in acute form of the disease and these signs are usually seen in cattle with over 2 years of age due to prolonged incubation period. The aim of the present study was to investigate the rate of infection to Johne’s disease by detecting antibody titers against MAP using the absorptive ELISA method. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from 738 randomly selected milking cattle of Moghan agro-business and animal husbandry complex and their sera were investigated using commercially available specific kit (ID.vet, Paras Company, Mont Pellie, France). The results indicated that 58 cattle had antibody titers against MAP with S/P percentage over 60% (infection rate of 7.86%) of which 25 cattle were positive (with S/P percentage over 70%) and 33 were suspicious (with S/P percentage between 60-70%). Because Johne’s disease is manifested as a subclinical disease and infected cattle seem to be apparently healthy, bacteria are shed through faeces and body secretions causing infection of the rest of the herd. This study demonstrated that the rate of infection to Johne’s disease in Iran is much higher compared to most other developed countries necessitating performing periodic herd screening tests and testing recently introduced animals alongside other preventive measures.

Methotrexate as an anticancer drug, at high doses is hepatotoxicant. Oxidative stress has been proven to be involved in methotrexate induced toxicity. Because of antioxidant potential of Brassica rapa. L root, this study was undertaken to examine the protective effect of Brasscia rapa L. root hydroalcoholic extract (BR), on methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in rat. For this purpose, forty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four equal groups. Group 1 was used as control; groups 2 and 4 were orally treated with Brasscia rapa. L (200 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days. Groups 3 and 4 received a single intraperitoneal dose of methotrexate (20 mg/kg) on the 10th day of the experiment. At the end of experiment, serumic levels of AST and ALT, ALP and total bili, albumin and total proteins were assessed. Malondialdehyde and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were assayed in liver homogenates. Finally, the biochemical findings were matched with histopathological verification. In group 4, Brasscia rapa significantly (P<0.05) decreased the elevated levels of serum biomarkers of hepatic injury and total bilirubin, and significantly increased the diminished levels of serum albumin and total proteins (P<0.05). In this group, Brasscia rapa significantly (P<0.05) decreased the lipid peroxidation and elevated the decreased values of hepatic antioxidants. Histopathologically, the changes were in agreement with biochemical findings. The results obtained showe that Brasica rapa, because of its antioxidant potential, exerts a protective effect against methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

A 4- month- old domestic short hair (DSH) kitten with malformed, non weight bearing and painful left pelvic limb without any history of trauma was referred to small animal hospital. Absence of bone formation (hemimelia) is a congenital complete or partial absence of one or more than one bone in limbs. All appendicular bones can be affected and many variations have been shown. Radial, ulnar and tibial hemimielia are usually commonplace. In the present clinical report we found terminal hemimelia in left limb and agenesis of tibia, metatarsal bones and phalanges in left pelvic limb and agenesis of metatarsal bones and phalanges in contralateral hindlimb. In the present case ampulation of affected limb was recommended to owner because of severe limb deformities, limb rotation and impossibility of arthrodesis. Castration due to prevention of transmission of this disorder to the next generation and radiography of other sites due to preventation of concurrent disorders were suggested.