مجله جغرافیا و روابط انسانی
پیاپی 1 (تابستان 1397)

Entrepreneurs are essential factors in changing a market-driven economy. They provide an efficient and growing use of resources and facilitate the trade between different sectors with different facilities and priorities. Entrepreneurs face a lot of obstacles and problems in the agricultural sector. The research method was studied and the data were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study was 1641 graduate students between 2001 and 2005. The sample population is 145. Reliability of the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach's alpha (95%). Also, the relationship between independent variables related to personal and educational characteristics in view of the obstacles to entrepreneurship development in agriculture. The research method is descriptive, correlational and applied. The results of the hypothesis test show that gender, place of birth, marital status, place of residence of the graduation year, occupational status, work record, employment status, type of organization can not affect the meaning. You have a view on the graduates' view of the barriers to entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector. The results of the variables test using Spearman correlation coefficient show that the amount of salary, graduation age, employment history, dissatisfaction rate, employment pattern, field of study, Father occupation has a significant relationship with the graduates' view of entrepreneurial barriers Not agriculture sector. One of the methods used in this research was factor analysis. The result of this method showed that the barriers and problems of the private and public sector and higher education in the field of entrepreneurship in the field of planning and support, innovation, management, organizational mismatch, strategic policy, factor Education and local loyalty were identified.

One of the basic pillars in respect tourist attraction and satisfaction is the presentation of optimal services to tourists, because the establishment of every element in a specific spatial-structural position from the surface of place is subject to specific mechanisms and if it is observed, it will lead to success and efficiency of that element at the same specific place. So from this perspective, optimal access to tourist services can bring about the best efficiency for tourists and prevent their unnecessary replacement and mobility. This in turn will make saving in time, cost and provides tourists’ satisfactions. As Fars Province of Iran has many tourism sites and annually, a great number of tourists from far and close areas are attracted by these attractions, so that in this research in order to achieve the optimal tourism services, first the Delphi method was used to obtain the research standards. Then, using the hierarchical method of Fuller, the standards were given weight and finally, employing the TODIM ranking method, the optimal scope of touristic services was specified. The results of the research show that the research realm with regard to diverse tourist services has an unbalanced and inappropriate distribution from the viewpoint of access to tourist services. Furthermore, the areas of Mahoor Milani, Koohmareh, Kenar Takhteh, Pasragad, Bavanat, Darab, Ooz, Izad Khast and... Have priority as far as development is concerned. Also, the central regions of Fars Province such as Shiraz, Marvdasht, Kazeroon, Doshman Ziyari and … enjoy better and more suitable services as compared with other regions.

Cultural diversity is a manifestation of the beauties of creation, and a sign of God's revelations. Recently, a lot of studies have highlighted the role of cultural diversity in the economic and social developmental and creativity. Moreover, some organizations such as UNESCO, with the publication of the universal declaration of cultural diversity, and ISESCO by approving the Declaration of Islamic Cultural Diversity have emphasized on the central role of cultural diversity. Considering the central role of socio-cultural diversity, not only does this research develop a mechanism for measuring the socio-cultural diversity, but assess and analyze socio-cultural diversity in the provinces of Iran. The Shannon Diversity Index has been used for measuring socio-cultural diversity, and for spatial analysis the Spatial Autocorrelation, Moran’s I, Anselin Local Moran I and Hot Spot Analysis have been used in GIS. The finding showed that Iran’s provinces in terms of socio-cultural diversity are in five categories: very diverse, diverse, relatively diverse, low diversity and unmixed, so that provinces of Qom, Alborz and Tehran are in very diverse range, and provinces of Kurdistan, East Azerbaijan, Ardabil, and Zanjan are in the unmixed range, and the rest of the provinces are in the other ranges. Also, the result of the spatial analysis of Moran’s I showed that the phenomenon of socio-cultural diversity is scattered across clusters that represent sub areas with high socio-cultural diversity. Furthermore, the results of Anslein Local Moran I indicated that the Alborz, Tehran, Qom and Isfahan provinces together form a high cluster (HH) in terms of socio-cultural diversity, that expresses in addition to their highest level of socio-cultural diversity, their neighbors are also in the same place as a high socio-cultural diversity. In contrast, East Azerbaijan, Ardabil and Kurdistan form a low cluster (LL).

The aim of this study is to use of the FFT_IHS method to increase the accuracy of data extraction from OLI of Landsat 8 data. For this purpose, a window of OLI images of Ardabil County was selected and, after applying the necessary preprocesses include atmospheric correction, the multispectral and panchromatic bands were fused with the FFT_IHS method. In order to evaluate the capability of FFT_IHS method to increase the accuracy of information extraction, the training data were taken from the before and after applying this method. Correlation of training data’s was evaluated using the Jeffries Matusita index and the training data’s were classified into 8-classes using Support Vector Machine algorithm. The results showed that image classification before the fusion of bands has a overall accuracy of 88.3% and a kappa coefficient of 0.87 and after fusion with FFT_IHS, the overall accuracy is increased to 96.3% and the Kappa coefficient is to 0.96.

present research aimed to The Impact of Service Quality on Customer Trust in the hotel industry in Five Star Hotel Narenjestan Noor has been done in the summer of 2016. The data required for this research has gathered by questionnaire with available non-random sampling method through guests Five Star Hotel Narenjestan Noor. This research, in terms of purpose is functional and based on data collection, is descriptive survey. Also, It has been used structural equation modeling through the Smart PLS software to analyze data. Statistical population of this research has considered all guests of the Five Star Hotel Narenjestan Noor. Given that the population size is unknown from Cochran formula is used in order to determine the sample size. The sample size of 267 people is guests of the Five Star Hotel Narenjestan Noor. the conceptual Independent variables in this search including: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and the Customer Trust dependent variable. Provided results showing that Service Quality and every one of its dimensions on Customer Trust have a positive and significant impact . and also it was shown that From between dimensions of Service Quality empathy has the largest is path coefficient and its impact on Customer Trust is higher than other variables.

Urban management is in simple language all the stages of implementation in the city's social network. The city as the most sophisticated artifice of the human being requires complexity and the need for spectrum management. Today, city management has evolved. Cities are being managed for the welfare of more citizens. Urban management plays an important role. In the success and plans of urban development. This issue is particularly important in relation to urban development. The development of solutions to traditional, physical and social patterns, and economic development, includes the development of resources such as the destruction of natural resources , Destruction of ecosystems The prevalence of injustice, pollution, unnecessary population growth and quality decline. This avoids the integration of urban management research, examines the link between sustainable development and urban management in the United States. The research methodology of this descriptive-analytical study and collecting information In the field of library and field studies, Swat's analysis and the results of the research show that urban management has a significant and significant effect in achieving sustainable development in Asadabad. Also, the cooperation and interaction of managers in promoting the index of sustainable development of the city have a positive effect. meaningful. has it

Sustainable and sustainable development of any country is dependent on the sustainability of its agricultural system. Therefore, achieving a sustainable agricultural system is one of the important policies of the agricultural sector of the countries that not only provides food security, currency earnings and macroeconomic and political independence. Brings, but at the local level will also be developed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the Empowerment of Agricultural and rural production in Abarkuh Township. The research method was descriptive-survey That Statistics and information obtained through field methods. Study population included 3,000 member Agricultural and rural production in Abarkuh Township That Using Cochran at the level of 0.05, a sample size of 341 were selected. For data analysis from one sample t-test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the research on the basis of statistical tests indicate that the effect of empowerment of the statistical community on observing the principles of sustainable agriculture in the city of Abarkouh is meaningful and there is a significant and direct relationship between these two variables in the level of 99% confidence.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the ways to reduce the effects of drying water of Lake Urmia with an emphasis on alternative crops. Therefore, the research is essentially experimental in terms of its purpose. Library and field studies (observation, interviews and questionnaires) have been used to collect data and information. The area of research is located in the village of Marhamat Abad Conty, north of the city of Miyandoab , which has 8 villages. Due to the low number of villages, sampling was not performed and all villages were considered as a statistical society. This village has 3014 households and 10146 inhabitants according to the census of 1395. The number of 266 households was selected using the modified Kochran formula. Household selection was done by simple random method. Reliability of the questionnaire is 0.810 with the Cronbach's alpha formula. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (T Single Sample and Friedman) were used to analyze the data and information. The results of the research showed that the average of all four indicators of sustainable rural economy (income, capital, agricultural products and employment) is higher than the utility number 3, while the employment index with an average of 3.63 and T-value of 14.77 and an agricultural production index with an average of 3.38 And T 6.21 have the most negative effects on the drying of Lake Urmia water and among the proposed solutions to reduce the negative impacts of Lake Urmia in the villages of Marhamat Abad Conty, north of Rasht "Variety to rural economy in the agricultural and non-agricultural sector "With an average of 3.89 and a" modification of the pattern of cultivation and cultivation of dehydrated crops " The average rating of 3.73 was the most important solution for this field from the perspective of the statistical population.

The change in urban systems is a continuous process that simultaneously occurs at different levels of space. This article aims to study the evolution of the urban system of Mazandaran province in the last 60 years. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the statistical basis of the data is the results of general population censuses and housing. In this research, Excel data was categorized by demographic data of urban areas and using the rank-size models, the class-adjusted minimum and the pulling coefficient of the urban system of Mazandaran province were analyzed. With Gis, maps of the spatial distribution of urban population were also drawn. The results show that urbanization in Mazandaran is moving along with the whole country, but its acceleration is slower than that of the country. In this period, the number of cities increased 6 times, urban population 12 times, and urbanization increased to 42.2 percent. According to the model, the size of the real and desirable population of cities is seen to be increasing as a surplus population, and as the tendency to balance is evident at high levels of the hierarchical system, there is no such improvement at the lower levels. In the corrected rule of Storges, the degree of difference between classes is increased to 5.6 times, and the number of classes to 10 metropolitan areas has increased, and there is a significant difference between the number of cities and their population in the last floor of this model, which indicates the imbalance and disruption of the situation The hierarchy of the urban system. The results of the model of pulling coefficient show that the small towns and villages in recent decades have been low and negative growth, whose declining role has caused a serious risk of balance in the Mazandaran city system.

Today, various rural projects, such as nomadic unification and the provision of various technical and organizational innovations in villages, are being implemented, and the reaction of the public to them and the acceptance or non-acceptance of these plans are one of the important issues of the day. In this regard, culture is an important factor in accepting or not accepting these ideas in rural environments. Therefore, the role of cultural engineering in solving possible problems is important for rural experts. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impotence of cultural engineering in villages as part of the rural development process. At first, a definition of cultural engineering and its relation to development are presented. I am referring to the history of cultural engineering in the countryside and to mention the countries of China, the Soviet Union, the Quds and Shakalat regime of Iran as examples. It is pointed out that in cultural villages cultural institutions are created by creating cultural institutions, changing cultural patterns and, in some cases, eliminating them in order to accept or optimize the use of innovations. At the same time solving the problems caused by rural inequality and migration is one of the tasks of cultural engineering. It is pointed out that in a rural cultural program, attention must be paid to the purpose, time, cost and financial resources, and the elements of participation, objectivity, and integrated management are of great importance. Finally, it is pointed out that cultural engineering A top-down approach that can be implemented in a macro or local dimension, such as a village.

Urban devotion is one of the most prominent phenomena in Iranian-Islamic cities, which has had a great influence on the establishment and survival of institutions and cultural, economic and social centers, and they have been the source of effective moves in different periods of history. This phenomenal phenomenon has attracted urban scholars in recent years. The number and variety of scientific articles published in the field of Endowment in Iranian-Islamic cities is one of the hallmarks of the trend of researchers in this sense. This paper deals with the method of meta-analysis to review articles published in Farsi-language scientific journals published in the years 1389 to 1396. This research shows that published articles in Endowment domain in Iranian-Islamic cities are more qualitative and based on documentary analysis. Based on the results of this study, in general, Endowment studies in Iranian-Islamic cities in our country can be placed in two broad categories; first, studies of the impact of endowments on the development and physical formation of Iranian-Islamic cities, and the effect of endowment on social components , Economic and cultural in the Iranian-Islamic city. In the first approach, researchers in the form of a process seek to influence the endowment in physical and spatial development, as well as the formation of urban spaces in Iranian-Islamic cities, and on this basis they have analyzed the space of Iranian-Islamic cities. The results of the survey show that the first category has more research (60%).

Today, the most important factor in the progress of each society is healthy human resources, increasing the level of health indicators in each society is considered a priority of governments. The present study examines the extent of the health of the cities of Ardebil province. The research method is based on the applied purpose and based on descriptive, documentary and analytical nature; In which 40 health-therapeutic indicators were evaluated using the Topsis model. Among the indices, the indicators of the number of covered villages and the number of paramedics with the weight of 0.0269 are the most important indicators. The statistical population of the study consisted of 10 provinces of Ardabil province in 1395. The results of this study indicate that the provincial towns are not equal in terms of health and health indicators, and they are very different, and most of them are not in desirable position in terms of health and health indicators. In the meanwhile, the city of Ardebil is the most disadvantaged city and the city of Sareen. Also, Pearson's correlation between the population and the availability of cities shows a high correlation between the two factors. The result of Pearson's correlation between the distance between the international frontier and the degree of enjoyment also indicates a relatively high correlation between the two factors. Therefore, in order to reduce the development gap between provincial cities, deprived cities should be placed on top of development.

One of the most valuable assets of any company is its name and its trademark.The most valuable name and brand in the minds of consumers, the company can acquire greater benefits to consumers. The special value of name and Brand is one of the assets which maintains the value of company and will follow the customer's loyalty. present research aimed to Evaluation the Factors Affecting on Brand Equity in Between Customers Sports Wear Brand Ali Daei in the summer of 2016 has been done. The required data for this study with available non-random sampling method from customers of Sports Wear Brand Ali Daei and is collected by questionnaire instrument. Given that the population size is unknown from Cochran formula is used in order to determine the sample size. The sample size of 384 is customers of Sports Wear Brand Ali Daei. This study, in terms of target, applicable and based on collection data, descriptive survey. As well as, from the Spss 16 and Lisrel 8.5 software’s different methods of descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze data and test hypotheses have been used. in this study It has been used David Aaker(1991) and Sasmita and Suki (2015) brand equity model. The independent variables of Conceptual model of this study is including: brand loyalty, brand awareness, Perceived quality, brand association, brand image and the dependent variable is brand equity. Provided results showing that brand loyalty variable has the most effect on brand equity and then respectively brand image, perceived quality, brand association and brand awareness variables effected on brand equity.

sustainable development means the management and conservation of natural resources and to give rise to technological and institutional transformations , in order to provide the needs of present generations and the future of humanity as one aspect of the development and development of the country . abstract providing a special form of human establishment and livelihood is a significant manifestation of economic and social life in iran , that has persisted in more and more lasting military over the centuries . rural development is one of the most important issues in the development of each country . hence , its priority in socio - economic development programmes is very important . in this study , the factors influencing factors affecting rural development of alborz province ( economic , political and environmental factors ) , rural development indicators and reasons for the non - development of alborz province villages will be analyzed using descriptive - analytical method and questionnaire . according to the results of the present study , the political economic component and planning tasks have the greatest impact among indices studied in alborz province 's rural development .

The first step in the assessment of rural spatial inequalities is the recognition, precision of the literature in this area and its consequence, explaining and analyzing the indicators of sustainable rural development. In this regard, the present study aims to assess human development indicators in Marivan cities in the Kurdistan province based on the study of Educational, cultural and sport-political, administrative, electricity, gas, water-health and telecommunication-telecommunication and communication components. . The scale-model and HDI model used in this research are to measure the adjustment degree. Services and population distribution in the city's rural district Based on this model, the size of R is R = 0.716, indicating that services in the districts of the city of Marivan are distributed equally to their population and the spatial equilibrium. It is also governed by the HDI model, which is respectively the Sarcell Village with a score of 0.95, Khavimirabad (0.9), Komas (0.66), Sershiy (0.64), Golchyder (0.63), Zarybar (0.36), First to sixth villages of Marivan city.

Transportation based on motor vehicles has a wide range of negative effects on society and environment that can mention to air pollution, noise pollution, heavy traffic, increase number of accidents and the allocation of urban valuable lands to the streets, roads and car parkings. One of the transportation strategies that is compatible with sustainable environment is using of bicycle in commuters (urban Commuters) along with other means of public and private transportation. In fact, Sustainable urban transportation is the smooth movement of vehicles, people, and goods that require the peace of people and sustainable environment with the most desirable cost and attempt. This research studies the effect of using of bicycle on sustainable urban transportation. The nature of this research is analytical-descriptive and the data were collected by library studies and field survey (questionnaire and interview).The validity of the instrument is formal and its reliability is obtained by Cronbach's alpha 0.835. The place of research is Miandoab and the participants are from Miandoab that among 41459 urban households, 165 people were selected (census 2017). The participants were selected by purposive methods (snowball and successive theoretical method). Data analysis was done by qualitative methods and SPSS software. The results indicate that using of bicycle in commuters in bicycle city of Iran (Miandoab) is an accepted issue and its oldness is close to one century 39.73 percent of urban Commuters is being done with non-motorized vehicles. There is a positive and significant relationship between the using of bicycle by Miandoabian citizens and sustainable transportation dimensions (Economy, environmental, decrease of traffic, availability, and social) at alpha level 0.01. The index of traffic reduction and availability play an important rule with the effect 0.786 on making of sustainable urban transportation system in Miandoab city

The aim of this study is to evaluate Pixel Purity Index(PPI) and Sequential Maximum Angle Convex Cone(SMACC) algorithms In order to extract the spectrum of Ghezel Dash copper by using the hyperspectral Image of Hyperion Sensor level 1R. For this purpose, a window of the Hyperion image, Ghezel Dash district of Khoy was selected. Then, in order to extract the pure spectra of the material to the pre-processing of the image, including radiometric correction, Contain the removal of bad bands, The strip lines containing noises, spectral effects removal, and atmospheric correction were used to convert radiation values to reflection. Next, the MNF transform was applied to reduce image dimension and noises. In the next step, the purest pixels were obtained using the PPI and SMACC algorithms. And the results was classified eith SAM classifier. In the final step, by using the ground control points we measured the accuracy and precision of the algorithms in mining minerals spectra. The overall accuracy and Kappa coefficients for the PPI algorithm are respectively 74.12% and 0.61 and for the SMACC algorithm it was 69.23% and 0.57, respectively. Also, the number of minerals pure pixels in the PPI algorithm was greater than that the SMACC.

Forest fires and its spread are one of the natural phenomena across the globe. Natural phenomena are always complex and there are many factors affecting them, the phenomenon of fire in forests and its extension is not an exception and occurs annually in different parts of the country. Considering the ecological importance of forest ecosystems and the increasing development of remote sensing technology and geographic information systems, we can identify areas that are most at risk of this phenomenon. This research is a descriptive-analytical method, the collection of information with Use of library resources. The area under study is Kermanshah forests. In this study, topographic parameters (slope, direction and altitude), accessibility (distance from roads, distance from settlements and distance from rivers (tribes and tribes), tribal passage, accident points Growth at the nomadic crossing site, land use, pasture distribution and forest distribution are considered as effective parameters in the fire zoning and using the ahp model, different weight layers have been given. Finally, by applying the weights to the layers, the layers were phased out and the gamma 0.9 was prepared from the layers. According to the weights, criteria and sub-models, the map of areas with a fire hazard in three areas, low Risk, medium risk and high risk areas.

Considering the need for developing countries, the use of renewable energy in the countries of the world has been increasing, as one of the indicators of energy development, considering the end of fossil fuels and environmental pollution and the decline in production capacity of this type of fuels in the world. And even in Iran, searching for alternative sources is important economically. Renewable energies range from solar energy to geothermal energy. One of the most renewable energy sources of biomass is renewable energy. This energy, in addition to being renewable, is environmentally friendly. Biomass energy sources can be converted into electrical energy or as energy carriers such as gas or liquid fuels, according to the needs of different sectors of the community. Biomass energy sources are generally derived from materials from plants and living organisms. Unlike most common fossil fuels that are found in the world's most concentrated layers, biomass energy sources are more dispersed, resulting in the accumulation of biomass energy sources in high volumes. On the other hand, protecting the environment and reducing the harmful effects of economic activities on the environmental conditions of human life in the context of the concept of sustainable development, changing the attitude towards resource allocation and achieving maximum economic efficiency. The present study, while investigating the mechanisms of biogas production, shows that by directly using this gas, a wide range of existing industries and systems can be launched, saving valuable resources of fossil fuels such as oil and gas and so on. Therefore, with the development of biogas plants, while having significant socio-economic impacts, urban environmental problems will be less and achieving the goals of sustainable urban development will be easier.

The spatial analysis of the vulnerability of residential areas in urban areas and prioritizing the vulnerability of these areas is the prevention and Spatial analysis of urban residential complexes vulnerability and prioritizing the vulnerability of these areas is the prevention and preparation of policies for the Retrofitting of residential complexes. The purpose of the research is to prioritize the vulnerability of residential units in Shiraz urban areas. The research method is applied and descriptive-analytic. In this research, vulnerability analysis of residential units carried out based on 5 main criteria and 21 sub-criteria, using GIS and integration of the IO model with AHP. According to the data analysis, the highest vulnerability based on the access road network and the efficiency of the texture and open space, related to area 8, and in terms of adjacent land uses and high density of urban population, is related to areas 4 and 5. The least vulnerability is due to the role of communication and open spaces and the physical structure of space, related to areas 1, 6 and 10.

As the first step, daily maps of synoptic system order of the region during July and August, the hottest months of the year, were investigated. The data belong to a statistical period (1993- 2014) extracted from the study center of NCEP/NCAR. Applying factor analysis test and clustering on web data, four synoptic patterns were recognized and the representative days of the patters were investigated. The aforesaid patterns present a similar patterns of the thermal equator and pressure systems in the region. The research results indicate that the Thermal equator is located in the south of Sahara in this time of year and it continues along the east, arid and low regions of the Arabia Peninsula, and the south of the Persian Gulf, Khuzestan plain, and Mesopotamia. Moreover, Gang low spread on the southwest of Asia also follows this pattern, as three main cores of low pressures are made on the low regions of Khuzestan plain and Mesopotamia, the south of the Persian Gulf, the north of the Arabia Peninsula and the center of Pakistan. This thermal belt on the lowlands of Mesopotamia (located in West Plateau of Iran) has the most intense and extending transverse and to be included from the northern half of the Iraq to southern part of Saudi Arabia. The thermal equator extends in the study area from the level 1000 to 850 hPa in accordance with the development of low Gang Tongue.

The allocation of space to educational applications is one of the important issues that have been considered in urban and rural planning. Due to the rapid increase in the population of cities in Iran and the high sensitivity of educational applications to various environmental issues and its direct relationship with families, the way of allocating applications is of great importance. The research method in this descriptive-analytic study is to identify the appropriate places for the construction of educational centers which will be the result of our library and field method. In the present study, with the establishment of databases, the location of educational centers in the city of Sarvabad Located in Kurdistan province, the variables of elevation, distance from the road, slope and tilt direction, distance from the residential areas and the sloping ground are evaluated and analyzed through the AHP model, the information obtained and the desired parameters 7.64 percent is very valuable for the construction of educational centers High arrangements 28.79 percent, 10.70 percent average, 7.64 or less 32% of the value of training centers is very little rough.

Social capital is important in the process of urban renewal Which is considered to be the secret riches in neighborhoods, in order to contribute to the modernization of worn out tissues. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic, which has been evaluated by a questionnaire. Thus, by using the Cochran formula, a sample of 382 people was randomly selected among the residents of the area. And the status of social capital indicators as independent variable and the tendency to renewal as an independent variable were measured. The findings were obtained using parametric tests such as T test, Pearson correlation coefficient, multivariate regression and one way analysis of variance in SPSS software, as well as the kernel density estimation test for spatial distribution of variables in the GIS software environment. The results of the findings show that there is a direct and positive relationship between social capital indicators, with the exception of the institutional trust index, with the tendency to modernize the variable. In the meanwhile, social participation index with correlation coefficient of 0.487 has the highest correlation with the tendency to renewal. . Also, the regression coefficient (R) between variables is 0.492, which shows that there is a relatively high moderate correlation between the independent variables and the dependent variable of the research.

present research aimed to Analysis of the Impact of Factors Affecting on Satisfaction of foreign tourists visitor from the Museum of Azerbaijan in Tabriz City in the April of 2016 has been done. The required data for this study with available random sampling method from Foreign tourists that in April 2016 have visited the city of Tabriz and is collected by questionnaire instrument. The nature of the research is from kind descriptive- correlation. As well as, from the Spss 16 and Lisrel 8.5 software’s different methods of descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze data and test hypotheses have been used. In this research, from Keller (2003) model used. Provided results showing that Tourism destination Brand awareness, Tourism destination Brand image and Tourism destination Perceived quality on Tourism destination brand Equity and Overall satisfaction of tourists have a significant and positive impact. As well as the Impact of Tourism destination brand Equity on Overall satisfaction of tourists is positive and significant.

The first step in the assessment of rural spatial inequalities is recognition, precision of the literature of this area and its consequence, the explanation and analysis of indicators of sustainable rural development. In this regard, the present res

The rapid growth and disproportionate distribution of population in the present age is due to the increasing displacement and migration to urban areas. Industrial cities are considered as important destinations for immigrants due to employment opportunities. The concentration of people with different economic and cultural backgrounds, and the lack of preparedness for urban management and planning in responding to service needs on the other hand, is causing a psychological pressure on residents and the occurrence of crime and social harm. The present study, with the above-mentioned approach and descriptive-analytical, has examined and analyzed the factors that affect migration in geographical spaces, including villages and cities, from the economic, social and cultural dimensions In this regard, growth has analyzed and analyzed the social damage in the study area from 1385-1390 in relation to population growth and population according to the census of 1385-1390. Variables vary according to the abundance in Alvand city and their importance in the category Social, have been selected. In the correlation test, a correlation test has been used for the analysis of the variables. Finally, the relationship between variables was evaluated using the spss software. There is a significant relationship between population and social damage, such as robbery, divorce, and drugs, and direct . Ie the increasing population in the urban immigration cases has increased Which was confirmed by our hypothesis. In the end, according to findings in the city of Alvand, solutions and suggestions for improving the conditions were presented.

Tourism as a phenomenon is constantly pushing its frontier forward, expanding its importance and involving more people globally. It is now world’s largest industry and as a multifaceted industry, it consists of various components and types. Before the First World War, and according to social class, there was no possibility of separating its different types. But nowadays, due to such various factors as time, place, motive and purpose, its different segmentations are also taken into consideration. The factors just made mention of are defined and classified in terms of time, place, citizenship, and especially incentive travel. Among all the forms of tourism, religious tourism in some countries is more important. This type of tourism is one of the most common forms of tourism around the world and its history is linked to centuries ago; it generally consists of travels and visits in which the main purpose is religious experience. Based on Iran's capabilities in tourist attractions and especially religious tourist attractions and because of its cultural and economic importance there is a huge potential for religious tourism. Hence, the current paper intends to study the consequences and functions of this phenomenon. In this research, which has been based on library and analytical studies We tried to analysis of the role of religious places in attracting tourist. and this research seeks to answer that question religious places What role in attracting tourist?

The distribution of tourism elements in urban space is important in tourists' visits and as a result of the urban tourism economy; in this regard, the optimal distribution of urban infrastructure appropriate to tourist attractions is essential. Therefore, this research has been developed by descriptive-analytic method considering the importance and position of tourist attraction and its spatial distribution in the cities. The data and information required including the location of tourist attractions, hotels and bus stations, from detailed maps of Zanjan city , The site of the governorate and the site of the Zanjan municipality were gathered and then on the map of Shahrzanjan. The EuclideanDistance tool was used to analyze the accessibility radius of bus and tourist attractions from spatial analysis. The Reclasify tool is also used to re-map the maps and finally to use the FuzzyOvelay tool to create the final map. Also, to determine the proportion of tourist attractions, hotels and bus stations, the mean central and oversized standard deviation model has been used, then the average nearest neighbor has been used to analyze the distribution and spatial distribution of attractions, hotels and bus stations. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of tourist attractions in Zanjan, according to the nearest nearest neighbor, is 1.75, and follows a dispersed pattern. Also, analysis of the radius of access to Zanjan's tourist attractions shows that they are in good distances to bus stations, but in the meantime, three of the tourist attractions are not in good condition in terms of access to bus stations and should be located near the minimum of 35.

The concept of social capital, is a multidisciplinary concept that Recent decades, attractive have been Humanities researchers. This concept also in social and economic analysis about the development of rural communities, Considered And on local resources of Rural settlement such as human relations, networks and institutions focused on social structures. Nowadays the social capital as a one of the component of national wealth and sustainable development, one of the means of capacity building in communities, Measures to prevent and reduce social problems and contributing to the success of social welfare programs and the promotion of individual and social well know and in connection with the development of social capital in rural areas means to enhance income, poverty reduction, sustainable management of resources, enhance motivation, active participation in decision making, promotion of health indicators, empowerment, etc. is considered. The aim of this study is to prioritize rural areas in achieving of social capital as an approach to rural development in the Abdanan County( 6 rural district Moormoory, Ab Anar, Masbi, Jaber Ansari, Cham kabood , Sarab Bagh). The research method in this article, is descriptive – analytic method , for data collection were used of two methods field libraries ( questionnaires and interviews ). As well as for the of data analysis from the Multiple Attribute Decision Making techniques (TOPSIS, SAW) and entropy weighting method is used. Research results met the multiple Attribute Decision Making techniques Show that the rural district Jaber Ansari in all aspects of social capital(Community participation, social trust, social cohesion, social interaction, social conflict, social cooperation and social security) With a score of 0.99 percent in SAW and 0.91 percent in TOPSIS first ranks to be allocated Which indicates the success of this rural district is to achieve social capital and rural development.

The use of quantitative criteria and methods for leveling settlements in the spatial system of the regions leads to the recognition of the inequality of settlements and, on the other hand, is a measure for trying to reduce poverty and existing inequalities between them. This research The aim of this study was to evaluate the human development indicators in the cities of Kamyaran city in Kurdistan province based on educational, cultural and sports-political-administrative indicators, electricity, gas, water, sanitation, telecommunications and communications. Descriptive-analytic, data collection is done using library resources, fashion The scale-size model used in this research was used to measure the spatial adjustment between the distribution of services and population in the rural district of this city based on the statistics of 1390 and 1395, based on the 1390 R in this model, 0.822, which represents this There is a fairly small spatial adjustment between distribution of services and population in the villages of Kamyaran city, but according to the statistics of 1395 R, it is equal to 0.5, which does not have a spatial balance between services and population in the villages of Kamyaran city.

The location sensation mostly means of the characteristics and immaterial features of the place meaning that some of these places acquire such attractions that imply some kind of undescriptive sensation and makes them lively, succulent and interested in presence and return to that place. The methodology of the present study is performed based on quantitative method and also with the librarian method and is cited also from the world wide web. For determining the sample volume, the G*Power software was utilized that the inquiry of 212 questionnaires was determined. For the validity of the questionnaire, the content validity was utilized and for inner reliability of the questionnaire, the Cronbach’s alpha has been utilized. Data analysis was performed utilizing the SPSS software version 22 and the Spearman correlation and multi-variable regression. The results from the spearman correlation coefficient showed that amongst the skeletal-behavioral factors and location sensation and attachment to the place factors a relation exists and is of positive and direct manner. In other terms with improvement of foretold factors variables, the rate of location sensation and attachment to the place are increased and by its reduction, the location sensation and attachment to the place reduces among the people. The results and findings indicate that the skeletal-behavioral factors of the parks’ environment have an effective influence in the rate of attachment and location sensation of the people. In other terms, skeletal-behavioral factors of the parks are proposed as a necessity in the procedure of health and aesthetic sensation of the society, which with designing an appropriate pattern based on high flexibility, security and intimacy and solitude could aid the rate of this sensation and society’s people being keen.

It is important to know and understand the future and the unknowns that come to the forefront of human beings and human societies. In fact, the future of the study gives people the opportunity to take a step before stepping up to be sure of planning in different areas. Due to the essential and vital nature of housing to continue living and the importance of providing it for all people and increasing demand for it, hence the prediction of housing prices in urban areas is of great importance. In this research, it has been tried to extract the key factors (drivers) affecting the future of housing prices by elite people and experts, and then the effects of each of the drivers on the future trend of housing prices, in the face of uncertainties and non-issues Plan not to be surprised. In this paper, the statistical data on housing prices (average land prices) in Tabriz during 2000-2014 were used and the effect analysis method has been used to predict housing prices. This technique, by applying the effects of qualitative techniques, predicts the results from quantitative techniques, attempts to match more predictive outcomes with reality. Data related to housing prices are in terms of volume, applicability in numerical methods, such as time series and trend lines. Using these two advantages, analysis of the impact on the process the title of a suitable model for forecasting, estimation of housing prices in Tabriz city was proposed and implemented. The results indicate that the prediction of housing prices by the impact analysis method has a high ability to predict (average housing price).

People's organizations (SEMs) are a good alternative to providing public services. The purpose of this study is to investigate their role in reducing and preventing social injuries in Tehran.

In order to achieve the required data, a deep interview with active volunteers was conducted in this field. The snowball method (sampling method) was used to determine the size of the community and the selection of interviewees. Findings: The findings of the research showed that most of the saunas are active in the field of welfare damage, or in combination, in the context of massive and structural damage. Their definition of the concept of social harm is more focused on the social issue, and the active activities of the city of Tehran in this area are inadequate.Their actions are largely educational, training, empowerment and cultural, and in this regard, they are not satisfied with the support of the government and the authorities. The causes of the damage are ranked in the order of priority: material poverty, cultural poverty, the city environment and its problems, inappropriate expressions of policies and laws, and the activities of the communities and the level of cooperation of the people have been positively evaluated. The interviewees proposed: Social-Growth Prevention Model, Community-Based Controlling and Empirical Model, empowerment control and empowerment model, community-based social control model, environmental management model and control model, and regulatory modeling. .

Prevention of social damages in order to provide security, human needs and social development in different societies.The wide range of actions and opinions in eliminating social damage has led governments to not be able to estimate it alone, therefore, multilateral cooperation with the sovereignty-people and society needs to be carried out in order to achieve the more qualitative and Faster to happen

The present study was carried out to evaluate the human development indicators in the districts of the city of Divandareh in Kurdistan province based on the components (place of purchase of people's needs, educational, cultural and recreational, religious, political-administrative, electricity, gas and water, health and medical, The research method is descriptive-analytical. Information gathering is done using library resources. The models used in this research are HDI model-rank-size model that is used to measure the rate The spatial equilibrium between distribution of services and population in the rural district of this city is what was found in the research findings. Shows that it is R = 789 /. It can be said that there are balance between population and services in the districts of Diwandreh, which is the largest difference in the Saral village, which has a demographic population with a low ranking, but in terms of services According to the HDI Human Development Index, the human indices of the districts of Divandareh city were studied. Accordingly, the districts of Qarateh, Saral, Suburbs, Chehel Cheshmeh, Zarrineh, Kaleh, Khani Sweet and Iatoo ranked first to eighth Developed in the villages of the city of Yen.

One of the important issues in urban planning and urban management is attention to public spaces, spaces that play a major role in interacting, socializing, creating vitality, diversity and vitality in a neighborhood Can play. also Nowadays urban public spaces have become an essential requirement for urban development programs, which shows the role of these spaces in strengthening the socio-cultural landscape of the city. Therefore, due to the very effective role of public spaces in urban life, planning for this type of space is one of the priorities and main concerns of urban managers. So the main objective of this research is to examine the main components of satisfaction of public spaces in the neighborhood of Baharestan in Tehran. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and it is based on the initial information. This information was collected by using a questionnaire based on documentary and survey methods. Collected data was processed by using SPSS and Smart PLS software. The results of this study indicate that satisfaction of public spaces based on the results of the T test in Baharestan neighborhood of Tehran with a mean of 2.75 in the Likert range is at a low level. Also, based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, the main components affecting the satisfaction of public spaces were divided into four main factors. Also, based on the results of the PLS route modeling, components of attractiveness, safety and security are richness and being comprehensive were identified as the main components that affecting the satisfaction of public spaces. It can be argued that with the planning in order to upgrade and organize these components, the level of satisfaction of public spaces in this area has been raised.

In all ages one of the primary laws and the constant of all human beings is health. Health and medical tourism in recent years have achieved significant growth in the world and its history goes back to the past. So that even patients travel beyond the national borders to receive their medical services. Iran has geological characteristics, warm and mineral springs, four seasons weather facilities medical services and experienced doctors in most provinces to improve the health of both domestic and foreign patients as one of the hosts of health and medical tourism in the region. Kermanshah province has potentialities in the field of health and medical tourism furthermore it has a number of IPD-equipped clinics and is active due to its geographical location with Iraq and Kurdistan in attracting health tourists. The research method is descriptive-analytical and is used to collect information through library and internet resources. Analysis and conclusion show that in addition to providing services to patients in their cities and surrounding cities, The province's priority in the field of health tourism is due to the fact that it is bordered by Iraq. However it has a lower ranking in the area of mineral spring hot water than other provinces that are active in the field of tourism, due to the lack of awareness and other issues; such as, the severe weakness of health tourism advertising offices, lack of infrastructure Consequently, because of these issues, and tourism facilities are unknown in Kermanshah.

Utilization of factors of production to work out the potential, the full implementation of Land Consolidation Act, co-production or small and scattered land assembly, development of suitable lands for the production and accumulation of human capital and material scattered agriculturalIs one of the major strategies to achieve sustainable agricultural and rural development.It is obvious that farmer participation in agricultural land consolidation may be the underlying strategic objectives mentioned above.This paper has been developed to investigate the role of participation in orientation to the integration of farm lands. Required data has been gathered by documents and field stydies and questionnaire. The sample for investigation is rural of al-Haj, Oshdalaq Upper and Kord Kand-e Bostan with a total of 1013 farmers of the city, located in the city Bostanabad. The sample was estimated197 households by using Cochrans C test. Validity and reliability was calculated by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 71.0, which indicates the desirability of a research tool.The information is used for data analysis and descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and variance) and inferential statistics (VIKOR), solidarity, Crosstabs and variance).The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics and exploiters accountable villagers and participation in projects and projects in all components (age, sex, marital status, education, etc.) there is a significant relationship.There is also positive and significant relationship between the indexes 05/0 alpha-level integration and social participation in all parameters evaluated lands in a positive and significant relationship exists.Also, there is a significant and positive relationship between the indexes 05/0 alpha-level integration and social participation in all indices studied land.

The city of Karaj, as the capital of the province of Alborz and its adjacent to the capital, has special industrial and economic conditions, has a good climate and is capable of development, is highly migratory. These characteristics have led to the emergence of informal settlements in the city of Karaj. Regarding this, the main objective of the study is spatial social vulnerability analysis in the Karaj district (5th and 6th district of Karaj municipality) In general, there are seven theoretical approaches to social and social problems. These seven approaches are social-pathological, non-institutionalized social, value conflicts, bias, aging, critical approach, and constructivist approach. The research is in terms of the cognitive purpose and in terms of providing a practical approach. This research is based on the analytical-exploratory nature, in which quantitative-qualitative data is used. In terms of time, this is a cross-sectional one. The research data were collected through a questionnaire, 350 randomly-probabilistic questionnaires from the study area. Using spatial analysis of hot spot, morans I, IDW, high / low clustering, the exploratory analysis and changes were analyzed. Spatial patterns of vulnerability indicators have been addressedB. Maps of exploratory analysis show that the spatial distribution of the vulnerability index in the region follows a specific pattern and these patterns are not random. The obtained maps in the research section indicate how the hot and cold spots are distributed in each indicator and the clustering of patterns related to the same indicator in the region.

As the ozone layer breaks out day by day, problems and problems arise from it. One of the side effects of the ozone layer is the passage of ultraviolet rays from this layer and its effects on human societies. Familiarity with the complications and problems of ultraviolet radiation can help a person to prevent the disease caused by it. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess students' awareness of Sistan and Baluchestan universities against the risks of ultraviolet rays. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of doing descriptive analytic work. The statistical population of the study consists of all students of Sistan and Baluchestan University. Using the Cochran formula, a sample size of 373 people has been selected. The sampling method is simple random. One-sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the findings. The results of t-test indicated that the level of knowledge of students with an average of 2.221 was in an unfavorable level. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient show that there is a high correlation between social awareness and indicators (knowledge, education, attitude and practice), which indicates a strong positive linear relationship between them.The highest correlation was found between social awareness and education with a correlation coefficient of 0.772. Also, the results of Kruskal-Wallis test show that the Faculty of Geography with an average rating of 191.59 in the first rank and theology school with a mean score of 101.23 is in the last rank in terms of students' awareness of ultraviolet radiation.

The average human development index shows the ability to achieve human development indicators in a society, but does not really highlight the differences, deprivations and inequalities. In this regard, the present study aims to assess the human development indicators in the city's districts. Baneh located in Kurdistan province based on the components (place of purchase of people's needs, educational, cultural and educational, religious, political-administrative, electricity, gas and water, sanitary and therapeutic, restoring and services, telecommunications and communications), method of doing The present research is descriptive-analytic, data collection is done using library resources, models of cases In this research, the scale-size model is used to measure the spatial equilibrium between distribution of services and population in the rural district of the city. The results show that there is a general equilibrium between the distribution of services and population in the city of Baneh. Based on The rank-size-scale of this research is R = 62 / R. It can be said that there is a balance between the population of Baneh and the balance of services, with the largest difference being in Bouin Rural District and Boolhassan Village.