مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و ششم شماره 7 (پیاپی 143، مهر 1397)

Hepatitis is a systemic diseasethat causes liver inflammation. The prevention of this infection is a vaccination. The commonly used vaccine to fight this disease is to use the vaccine formulated with Alum. This vaccine cannot provide immune response and complete productivity in some people. In this study, cellular and humoral immune responses of hepatitis B vaccine were compared with hepatitis B vaccine formulated in MF59 adjuvant. In this experimental study, Balb/c mice received different formulations of the vaccine subcutaneously three times with a two-week interval. Then, the mice were bled and the levels of anti-HBs Ag were determined by the ELISA method. IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-2 and IFN-γ / IL-4 cytokines were examined by the ELISA method from the soup of spleen cells culture. The data were analyzed using the GraphPad prism software ANOVA. IL-4 levels were significantly higher in alum vaccine than the vaccine formulated in MF59, also the IFN-γ cytokine level showed no significant difference between two main groups. TNF-α cytokine shows that alum vaccine is more secreted due to the high inflammation compared with the vaccine with MF59. Total antibody in the third injection, in some dilutions of the commercial vaccine was more than vaccine with MF59. Significant decrease in IL-4 and antibodies indicates that the tendency of vaccine formulated in MF59 to induce cellular immune responses is higher than humoral immune responses. In addition, the safety and lack of side effects of the MF59 adjuvant can also be considered as another advantage.

Introdution: Since limited data are available in regard of the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity among children, our aim was to examine the association between SES and obesity among children. This cross-sectional study was done in Farokh Shahr among children aged 6-12y in 2009. 380 students were recruited through multi-stage cluster random sampling method from different districts. SES was defined through the questionnaire and participants were classified in to tertiles. Overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity were defined based on age- and sex-specific national cut-off points. Comparison of continuous and categorical variables was conducted by using independent samples’ t-test and Chi-square test, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess SES in relation to general and abdominal obesity in uni- and several multi-variable adjusted models. All statistical analyses were done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 15.0). P values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Comparing individuals in the highest versus lowest tertile of SES, there was no significant difference in waist circumference mean, but those in the middle tertile of SES had greater means of BMI after controlling for potential confounders (16.19±0.27 vs. 15.27±0.27 kg/m2, P= 0.002). We observed a greater chance of being overweight/obese for those in the highest tertile of SES compared with the lowest tertile (OR: 4.00, 95% CI: 1.53-10.59, Ptrend=0.004). No significant association was seen between SES and abdominal adiposity, either before or after controlling for potential confounders. We found that children in the highest SES class had a greater chance of being overweight/obese than those in the lowest SES class.

Introdution: Mucormycosis is recognized as an invasive fungal infection with a high mortality rate, which typically affects patients with uncontrolled diabetes. As a matter of fact, immunocompromised patients are at risk of this disease. Aim of this study was presentation of denture and orbital prosthesis construction for a paitient with mucormycosis. Case report: A 73 year-old woman with pain, inflammation and numbness of the left buccal referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd. Lab tests revealed an uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Mucormycosis was diagnosed via the patient’s oral Biopsy. Foci of fungal necrosis in the palate and maxillary sinus was removed. Then, the patient was referred to the Department of Prosthodontics of Dentistry School of Shahid Sadoughi University. Early diagnosis of mucormycosis could increase the patients’ survival rate.Therefore, dentists can play an important role in primary diagnosis of the lesion, because rapid treatment of the disease can prevent of the progression of it. Rehabilitation of the patients’ appearance seems to be necessary in order to eliminate the facial defects after the surgery. As a result, maxillofacial prosthetics plays an important role in restoring the patient’s appearance.

Introdution: Lipoxygenase enzyme is responsible for biosynthesis of leukotrienes that possess various pharmacological effects in the body. The beneficial therapeutic effects of lipoxygenase inhibitors have been proved in some diseases such as asthma, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. So, the lipoxygenase inhibitors could be used in the treatment of some diseases and pathological conditions. In this study, heteroaryl 2-phenoxypyridine-3-yl derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated as lipoxygenase inhibitors. In this basic-applied study, the desired derivatives were synthesized in multiple steps using convenient methods. Then, the structure of compounds was validated using infrared, mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Finally, lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of compounds was evaluated and molecular docking studies was performed on the most active compound. All target compounds were synthesized in good yields and showed good inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase (IC50 =100-179 mM) in comparison to Quercetin (IC50 = 58.5 mM) as standard inhibitor. The compound 7a (5-(2-phenoxypyridine-3-yl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione) showed the most potent activity and the molecular docking studies showed that this compound was well fitted in the active site of enzyme. The synthesized compounds have shown good inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase and the molecular docking studies show that these compounds are able to fit in the active site of enzyme. Therefore, the target compounds could be used as lead compounds for further studies to find novel lipoxygenase inhibitor drugs.

Introdution: Recent studies identified the 15q14/15q25 chromosomal region as a susceptibility locus to lung cancer. This region includes CHRNA3, CHRNA5 and CHRNB4, genes, which coding for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in lungs and brain. The relationship between several polymorphisms in this locus and lung cancer risk has been widely investigated. The aim of this study was to survey the association of CHRNA3 rs1051730 C>T polymorphism with the risk of lung cancer in Iranian patients. In this case-control study 96 lung cancer cases in comparison to 100 healthy controls were investigated for the frequency of rs1051730 C>T polymorphism using PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing methods. The association between the genotypes and allele frequencies with lung cancer was analyzed using chi square and binary logistic regression by SPSS version 22 software. Allele and genotype frequencies of this SNP was not significantly different between case and control groups. The results of this study indicated no significant association between this polymorphism and lung cancer risk in the population studied (OR = 0.566, 95% CI = 0.239-1.342, P= 0.194). Our results showed no significant association between polymorphism rs1051730 C>T and lung cancer risk in the population studied. However, according to the different results obtained from the populations of other studies, further studies are recommended along with an increase in the sample size.

Introdution: In recent years, due to the HIV epidemic in Iran and the world, despite the scientific advances in drug therapy, HIV is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. The present study was conducted with the aim of the mortality rate caused by HIV patients in Yazd during the years 2002 to 2015. This cross-sectional study was performed on all cases of HIV-infected patients in Yazd province (50 participants) that was registered at Yazd Behavioral Counseling Counseling Center during the years 2002 to 2015. Records are related to age, sex, education, HIV status, history of imprisonment, smoking, CD4 death rates, hepatitis B and C infection.The data were extracted by SPSS software (Version 22) using descriptive statistics method. Chi-Square test was used to compare the percentages and variables and the results were considered to be less than 5% significant. The analysis of the results showed that 84% of the deceased were HIV infected by men and 16% were women. 54% (27 persons) died in the age group of 35-64 and 40% (20 persons)) were in the age group of 18 to 34 years and 6% (3 persons) in the age group of 0-11 years. More than half of the deaths at the same time with HIV are also caused by the viral hepatitis C virus infection. None of the deaths with HIV were affected by hepatitis B disease.

The ability to taste Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), has been long studied from genetics, epidemiologic and evolutionary point of view. This ability is associated with the ability of tasting other bitter substances which mostly are toxic. Natural selection is involved in the maintenance of the allelic frequency of PTC. Variation in the frequency of tasters and non-tasters could reflect the food preferences and dietary habits. Moreover, it can be a marker for diet-related diseases. The frequency of PTC taste sensitivity has been studied in many populations. However, no study in this regard has been reported in Iran. The aim of this research was to determine the frequency of PTC tasters and not-tasters in a population from Iran and also the association of sex and smoking with the ability to taste PTC. In this research, 175 individuals from Shiraz University or their families were examined regarding the ability to taste PTC. The frequency of T, and t alleles was 0.58 and 0.42, respectively. There was 82.3% taster versus 17.7% non-taster in this population. There was significant difference (p=0.007, OR=4.044) between male and female regarding the ability of tasting PTC. Moreover, there was more non-taster among smokers compared to non-smokers (p= 0.002, OR=0.278). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the frequency of PTC tasters in Iran. We have shown that, similar to studies from other populations, the frequency of PTC tasters is higher compared to non-tasters in our population. Moreover, there are more tasters among women and non-smokers compared to men and smokers, respectively. Considering that in Iran, women have an important role in providing food recepies, being more taster would help them probably to choose healtier ingredients for food recepies. In addition, investigating the connenctions between taste perception and smoking may help us to find a reliable indicator for smoking susceptibility. However, larger sample size and genetic tests are necessary to draw a more comperihensive conclusion.

Introdution: According to importance of complimentary therapies. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a four-week aerobic physical activities in water on the extent of clinical improvement and amount of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha, TNF-α, Interleukin 10, IL-10 on serum levels and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the brain tissue of the animal model of of multiple sclerosis (MS) via inducing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this experimental study, a total number of 80 female Syrian mice from the race of C57BL/6,, aging 10 to 12 weeks and weighing 20 ± 2 gram were divided into eight groups of 10, namely, control, swimming, MS, MS + swimming, MS + interferon beta (INF-β), MS + interferon beta + swimming, MS + solvent, and MS + solvent + swimming environment. For induction of EAE, 300 μg (35-55) myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) was first mixed in 100 μl phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and injected subcutaneously (SC). At the time of injection and after 48 hours, 300 ng pertussis toxin was diluted in PBS and injected intraperitoneally (IP). During a week after the treatment, mice receiving were the drug in form intraperitoneal received 150 IU/g of the drug per day. Clinical symptoms and the mice's weights were recorded every day. Physical activity group did the aerobic activities for four weeks, five sessions a week, 30 minutes each session. Finally Brains were extracted and blood samples were taken from the heart and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to measure markers. Data analysis was done using one-way ANOVA. Based on the findings of this study, physical activity compared to interferon beta-1 treatment significantly increased the BDNF factor in mice, increased IL-10, and decreased TNF-α in serum . Aerobic swimming exercises could most probably help remyelination by regulation of inflammatory factors and lowering the speed of myelin destruction, hence, helping the clinical improvement in patients with multiple sclerosis.