فصلنامه طب و تزکیه
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 108، پاییز 1397)

Insomnia, is one of the common problems in today's world, which has health, performance and economic consequences. Various factors, affect the onset of sleep disorders in humans. In the present study, the combination of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Iranian Traditional Medicine and some environmental factors have been used. The present study is a case study. The client was a 45-year-old woman who had symptoms of insomnia. Using diagnostic interview and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, her low sleep quality was diagnosed. For treatment, behavioral-cognitive strategies were used. At the same time, the client was asked to install a split unit in her bedroom. Also, for the correction of temperament, the client was referred to the doctor of Iranian Traditional Medicine. The client, followed cognitive-behavioral strategies, use of split and nutritional and non-nutritional instructions of the physician, for 1 month. Using interview and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the client’s sleep status was measured, which showed a relative improvement in her sleep quality. One year after the start of the treatment, again, the sleep status of the client was measured, which showed a higher recovery. Based on the present study, the combination of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Iranian Traditional Medicine and environmental factors, have had an effect on the improvement of the client’s sleep. Investigating the effects of the combination of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Iranian Traditional Medicine, and environmental factors on nightmares and other sleep disorders in different age groups of women and men is suggested.

Puberty happens through physical and psychological challenges, and considering the critical role of puberty as the influencer of human’s future personality, health and social connections, it’s necessary to apply on time, multidimensional, culture- based education in this age. Studies have shown lack of awareness in adolescents about puberty physical and psychological health; and lack of comprehensive puberty education program. The purpose of this study is to provide Islamic and culture- based education material and also methods of different aspect of presentation. This review study was held by desk research methods. Physical and psychological health academic sources and Islamic books and articles were searched. Results shows puberty education can be held in three stages; giving awareness, notion internalization and behavior regulation. Also Islamic and cultural educational methods such as how to start an education, the role of an instructor and the content of education program, were found helpful. Depth and helpfulness of Islamic and cultural sources; especially in case of maturity, puberty and youth, necessitates designing a multidimensional educational program concerning puberty’s vast dimensions; such as physical, psychological and social growth; through window of Islam and Iranian culture.

Nutrition is one of the most important factors in health and disease. relationship between nutrition and nutritional behavior is confirmed and emphasized by the people of the community. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between religious attitude and nutritional behavior in high school students in Zarrin-Dasht. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. A total of 800 (400 girls and 400 boys) were selected randomly and in proportion to the number of students in each school. Data gathering tool were demographic questionnaire, Serajzadeh religiosity measures and a researcher-made nutritional behavior questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS24 using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. Mean and standard deviation of religious attitude and nutritional behavior of students were 74.12 ± 7.92 and 70.26 ± 4.52, respectively. The results showed a positive and significant correlation between religious attitude and nutritional behavior of students (P = 0.01 and R = 0.78). Also, there was a significant relationship between gender variable with religious attitude (0/00) and nutritional behavior (0/02). Regarding the relationship between religious attitude and nutritional behavior, Officials of the Education Organization should strengthen the religious attractions and religious attitudes of students and also pay attention to religious and Islamic aspects in nutrition education.

Biological and psychological factors are associated with cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of resiliency, spiritual well-being and social support in predicting the severity of cardiovascular disease. A total of 327 patients with coronary artery stenosis (138 women, 189 men) participated in this study. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Spiritual Well Being Scale (SWBS), and the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) Scale and Geszin score were used to measure the severity of cardiovascular disease in order to collect data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. The results of the study showed that there is a significant negative correlation between resilience, spiritual well-being and social support with the severity of cardiovascular disease; that is, with increasing resilience, spiritual well-being and social support, the severity of cardiovascular disease decreases . In regression analysis after controlling risk factors, three of the analyzed variables, resiliency and spiritual well-being had the ability to predict the severity of cardiovascular disease, and social support did not have such an ability, with a resiliency of 28% and resiliency plus spiritual well-being explained 35% of the severity of cardiovascular disease severity (p <0.01). Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that along with the biological factors, consideration of the role of resilience, spiritual well-being and social support psychological factors in preventive and therapeutic interventions related to cardiovascular diseases is a special necessity.

CT scan has a significantly increased usage for diagnosis of pediatric diseases in the two last decades, so as which about 11% of all annual performed CT scans in the United States belong to these age groups. Therefore, this has resulted in an increase of radiation dose in the pediatric patients and its potential side effects. This is a review article and was performed with a search on Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed databases using the keywords radiation, CT scan, pediatrics and ALARA. Relevant review articles were collected, studied and summarized. Several studies have shown low dose radiation in pediatric patients leads to increase lifetime chance of malignancies. Recently, several methods have been provided to reduce the radiation dose in pediatric population both by decreasing the number of performed CT scans and also by optimization the scanner parameters while keeping the reasonable image quality. Other imaging modalities like ultrasound exam and MRI do not have harmful radiations and where possible, CT scan should be substitute by these methods. Ultrasound exam in most situations is the primary imaging method for children. With regard to the increasing usage of CT scan in pediatric age groups and its potential harmful radiation, knowledge about and implementation of preventive means to reduce the radiation is necessary.

Awareness about puberty and adolescence in girls, plays an important role in society’s future fertility health. According to parents’ role in educating Teenage girls about puberty, this study was run to evaluate girl’s challenges about puberty and compare these challenges with their mothers’ concerns. Participants were 20 girls aged 12 years old and their mothers in an educational center in Ahwaz, Iran. Data was collected by semi-structured interview and analyzed with a content analysis method. Two themes and 6 subthemes were extracted from data analysis. Theme “puberty challenges found by adolescents” consists of three subthemes including confidante chosen to talk about puberty, puberty confusion and information source about puberty. Second theme “mother’s view” consists of three subthemes including mother’s concerns about puberty, mother’s point of view about their daughter’s information source about puberty and mother’s awareness of their daughter’s puberty challenges. According to mothers’ role as their daughter’s confidante for educating puberty and on the other side, partial incompatibility of Challenges between mothers and adolescents, it seems necessary to empower mothers in effective communication with teenagers for better education of pubertal issues.

spiritual health are considered as one of the dimensions of health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between congregational prayer and spiritual health of medical students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.  In this study, a cohort study (cohort) were used. The population of the study consisted of male and female students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Among them, 160 individuals were selected as a research sample by objective sampling method and using easy sampling. To collect information, the Spiritual Health Questionnaire of the Academy of Medical Sciences was applied.T-test and chi2 tests were used to analyze the findings and p value less than 0.05% was considered significant. The results of the study showed that the average total score of students' spiritual health divided by groups of prayer and control groups was 19.75 ± 9.5 and 70.6 ± 14.6 respectively. There was a significant difference in the level of spiritual well-being between two groups of observer prayer and control students (p <0.001). . Also, the average of the scores for the insights, behaviors and spiritual tendencies showed that Congregational prayer students had more spiritual insights, spiritual tendencies and spiritual behavior than the control group. According to the findings of the study on the relationship between the congregation prayer and spiritual well-being of the students It is possible to improve students' spiritual well-being through better planning and promotion of community prayer at universities.,

One of the medical topics, that is necessary to be studied from the point of view of jurisprudential and ethical, is selective cesarean section prohibition topic. Because in this kind of childbirth (delivery), a pregnant woman, despite the possibility of natural delivery tend to optional cesarean section because of some reasons like fear of extreme pain of natural delivery and other unjustified medical reasons.
From the point of view of medical science, cesarean section is a kind of delivery full of risk and complication that is justifiable in some necessary cases. According to gynecologists and midwifery experts, directing to selective cesarean section based on unjustified medical reasons is not only an unproductive action but also its negative consequences affected on mother and child for a long time and sometimes until the end of lifetime.
The topic of replacement of cesarean instead of natural delivery (vaginal) or selective cesarean section has faced with the reactions of Jurists and imams in a way that they have presented different views about it but most of these views tend to its prohibition. Therefore, in this research, we are going to prove the reasoning based on rational and convincing evidence that the pregnant woman action to select cesarean is illegitimate and forbidden while there is possibility of natural delivery for her. Although, by referring to rational and transitive reasons, we have proved that if cesarean is done according to medical and necessary reasons, it is legitimate and permissible then. Totally, by analysis of views, comments and documentation, it was concluded that the cesarean is not absolutely prohibited but it can be a legitimate detail.