فصلنامه مطالعات امنیت اجتماعی
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 35، پاییز 1392)

The topic of the present study is sociological analysis of trust in the police in the city of Shiraz, which oversees the decline in trust in the police. After proving this problem, the theoretical solution is derived from the theory of Zetomka. The theoretical arrangement of this research is inspired by the theory of empirical structure and is formulated as follows: the whole idea of trust in police is a function of the linear combination of three factors: the organization's transparency, its accountability, its environment, and appearance, and performance of the relevant actors. This reasoning has been assessed and criticized through observed statements. The present study is of survey type. The under study population in this research includes individuals ranging from 18 to 64 in Shiraz. N=300 and the interviewees are determined through improbable sampling method , and multi-stage sampling ,and they are interviewed based on face to face interview method. In this study, fuzzy analysis is used for empirical judgment about theoretical assumptions of statements. Analysis is performed in two levels: 1) descriptive analysis in terms of cause and effect that the distribution of the experimental data is investigated 2) explanatory analysis, the theoretical solution of the problem through observation statements have been tested . Fuzzy regression analysis has been used for an empirical judgment about the propositions. The results of the empirical test indicates that fuzzy relationship of trust in police is associated with cause and effect of organization's transparency and accountability, the environment of the organization, and the appearance and action of actors is 0.818.A percentage of the joint variance of trust in police which is determined by transparency, accountability and environment of the organization, and the appearance and performance of actors is 0.669.

Juvenile security due to their certain conditions and the possibility of being impressed by various factors and taking into consideration their role in future is of high importance. The main issue followed up in this study is that despite concerns and efforts of families, schools, communities and the police, juvenile delinquency and crimes against them are substantial. This issue indicates the existence of a gap in the education system. Designing and validating a model curriculum for high school students in extracurricular activities, with emphasis on training the public by police is the general objective of the present research. This study is conducted through intermingled investigation method .Semi-conducted interview and questionnaire is respectively used in the qualitative and quantitative methods, and the achieved pattern was validated. The under study population in the qualitative method included the principals of high school students( boys and girls) in Tehran and officials of Ministry of Education, while the quantitative method included curriculum design as well as training specialists and officials of police forces. In the qualitative sampling methods, target-oriented and in the quantitative manner snowball sampling methods are available. Based on the results of the research, a model curriculum for high school students in extracurricular activities, with emphasis on universal teaching of police was designed so that the features of each of the nine elements of the model were appropriate for high school students, social problems of patients and experts. The experts were identified and these characteristics were identified based on order of importance. The developed pattern can be the appropriate basis for the realization of the interaction between Ministry of Education and the police, and it can play an important role in preventing students from doing wrong actions.

This survey research primarily aims at evaluating level of security feeling on the part of Tehrani citizens with focus on its major constituents, i.e. physical, financial, social and family security. Secondly, it aims at identifying the factors contributing to it. Thirdly, it is aimed at clarifying the relationship between security feeling and the other two key variables: public trust and social capital. N=3400 were chosen through multistage cluster sampling method from among Tehrani citizens of the 22 municipality zones ranging from 15 to 75.The research variables were measured through using three self-made criteria: security feeling and factors contributing to it, public trust and social capital. The three above-mentioned scales were tested on a group of 100 people before its final implementation, and then its reliability was calculated through using Cronbach's alpha test. Then the collected data was calculated by using various statistical tests such as descriptive method, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, T test, correlation and regression. The certain achievements revealed the following: firstly, the rate of security feeling is at the middle level, and there is significant statistical difference between the average of security feeling on the part of citizens and the four aforesaid constituents. Secondly, there are five factors contributing to security feeling: individual/mental factors, factors associated with the police task (establishing order and discipline), media factors, and factors related to the field of social structure. Thirdly, there is significant correlation between security feeling on the part of citizens and public trust (both horizontal and vertical trust), and social capital. This correlation is in such a way that from which cause and effect relationship can be deducted.

Inter-urban immigration is one of the most important aspects of immigration which is considered as a common phenomenon in modern cities. The present study reviews inter-urban immigration in Tehran and its impact on emergence of social problems in Harandi neighborhood (previously called Darvazeh Ghar). The research method includes quantitative method in which the data of the previously conducted researches is used; and qualitative method which utilizes interview, observation and historic study. The theoretical approach of the method is based on social disorder and regional theory of crime that both belong to the Chicago School. According to this theory, immigration, whether inter-urban or city to city, leads to social disorder and social problems which ultimately leads to urban social problems. The findings of the research indicate that people and families that move from other neighborhoods to neighborhoods like Harandi contribute to impediments ahead of identity establishment in them. Immigration may also lead to social problems: addiction, drug trafficking, suicide, prostitution, dying in street, etc.

Security is considered as one of the substantial needs of citizens in urban structures, and is of high importance in terms of security feeling on the part of citizens. Hence, the issue of security has been always one of the important constituents of life quality, it has been always focused on by urban planners and designers, and numerous theories have been introduced on the issue. Public places in cities are social platforms used by citizens without any limitation. When peace and tranquility is established in the public places, citizens may interact with each other much better, and as a result sense of satisfaction is reinforced on the part of citizens. After reviewing the theoretical tenets of public places while scrutinizing three aspects: cognizance, activity and form in establishing a desirable appearance for public places; and constituents such as "place feeling", " place identity", "reminiscence", " a clear image of the environment", " public cognizance and visual enjoyment", "shape and form" are the benchmarks which can make individuals feel relaxed in public places in cities. The present research is an "empirical research" in the theoretical literature, and is of survey type along with questionnaire as the tool for collecting data in the area of field survey. With regard to data analysis through quantitative analysis of the relationship between" security feeling" and " appearance of public places" cause and effect research method and correlation method is adopted. The results of the studies indicate that despite existence of security, according to the citizens' view the level of security feeling in the understudy neighborhood is lower than the average level. According to the security feeling in the second level, there are six criteria that contribute to the formation of security feeling: place identity, reminiscence, form and structure, place feeling, cognizance, public and visual cognizance. The average security feeling in the two criteria -cognizance and public and visual cognizance- is higher than theoretical mean, while in the other four criteria it is lower than theoretical mean. Therefore, the citizens of Evin neighborhood taking part in the case study are of the opinion that cognizance and public and visual cognizance have significant impact on their security feeling. As a result, in these two constituents, direction finding and guiding signs, and safety and visual penetrability are more prominent.