فصلنامه مطالعات امنیت اجتماعی
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 34، تابستان 1392)

The present study aims at reviewing the sociological factors impacting formation of peasants' collective frays (Case study; Parikhan Village). As far as the rate of fray in these villages compared with other villages is higher, the present research seeks to find an answer to this question:" what are the factors that lead to formation and enhancement of collective frays in this village?" The research is of survey (quantitative) type. Through stratified and systematic sampling, 300 households have been selected from among 800 households. The members of family who are over 18 have been selected as the statistical colony. Through using various theories: tribalism theories(Triandis, Fukuyama),social surveillance theory( traditional, modern semi-formal resulted from Perdazen theory),reputation and tribal beliefs( through using theory offered by theoreticians on the structure of tribalism and role of fanaticism and pride in it) and theories of resources rarity and real estate disputes( Dolardand Parsonez) and theories of elite competition( theory of Perdazen) the study has dealt with factors contributing to collective fray. In this way, the results of Spearman Test indicates that there is positive and significant relationship between social variables( semi-formal surveillance, formal surveillance, public surveillance and tribalism) economic variables9 disputes over land and resources rarity), cultural resources( reputation issues and tribal beliefs)on one hand , and collective fray on the other. However, there is no significant relationship between political factors within elite competition (competition between village council members and selection of elder of the village) and collective fray.

Social security is a multi-dimensional concept including skeleton, population, social and economic dimensions. Integrated study and improvement of socioeconomic structure and skeleton characteristics of urban spaces affecting social security of urban regions is one of the major objectives of urban policy-making and management, due to its impact on experiences, security feeling and residents' satisfaction. The first step for improvement of social structure and skeleton elements of a region is identifying the areas which are more vulnerable compared to the other places. To that effect, the present research aims at reviewing and analyzing the socioeconomic structure and the model for the lands in region 3 of municipality of zone 12 by using Topsis multi-purpose analysis method, anthrop, Moren spatial correlation index in the software environment of GIS. The research is of descriptive-analytical type. The data resulted from public head count of 2006 was used for conducting the research. The analysis units in the research are the existing statistical blocks in region 3 of municipality zone 12.The results of the research indicates that the areas which scored the minimum based on the predetermined criteria have clearly divided the region into two parts, which can contribute to social integration, preventing formation of positive and constructive social networks to improve social security in the region. Statistical analysis of spatial pattern of the existing blocks in the region is conducted in the region based on the final score of every block and through using statistical index of Moren spatial correlation which expresses the spatial distribution of blocks in a cluster and concentrated way. In other words, the adjacent blocks differ from each other in terms of the utilized indexes. When there is a certain planning for organizing and improving social security, the pattern can be used for dissemination of positive social and cultural characteristics to enhance the quality of social (informal) surveillance and control. On the other hand, in case proper social planning and policy-making does not exist and due to heterogeneity in the existing social and skeleton structure it can pave the ground for expansion and penetration of undesirable socioeconomic features in the desirable blocks and finally lead to deterioration of safe places in the region.

The present paper reviews the role, impact and feedback of computer voyeurism factors on mental and cultural security of individuals who commit voyeurism; meanwhile, it aims at reviewing the relevant relationship and introducing computer voyeurism factors disrupting individuals' mental security. Given the nature of the research, it is of descriptive type, and after gathering the data is of survey type. Questionnaire is used for gathering data, and random sampling is conducted based on Cochran formula. N= 383 including inhabitants of municipality zones 4 and 12 of Karaj in 2011 as the statistical sample of the research. With respect to the scale and range of variables, T test was used for testing the theory. The results of the research indicate that there is relationship between computer voyeurism factors and mental security of the individuals committing it. In this way, voyeurism in the virtual world reduces mental security of individuals, and leads them toward committing crimes. Factors such as erotic and porno sites, sites that foster nakedness culture, dating sites, chatting tools and sites for publishing private photos of others are the most important factors of computer voyeurism reducing individuals' mental security.

Given the destructive impacts of crime commitment and social deviations in the society, social science scholars have made efforts to deal with factors leading to crime commitment from certain angles. Besides the concept behind crime, which disrupts social order, social capital is the existing source in social and system-oriented interactions of cooperation and collaboration among members of the community which results in creation of networks for reasonable relations, sense of trust, and partnership among individuals in a society, and has been focused on by theoreticians of this field and as factor for reducing crime. The present article aims at reviewing the relationship between social capital and crime in Yasouj, with respect to the high rate of social capital in the city. In order to assess social capital in three dimensions: social trust, social partnership and mutual social relations in Lickert scale and crime variable for criminals and introducing the type of crime for ordinary people through crimes not resulting in imprisonment, have been considered. The findings indicate that there is significant and negative relationship between social capital and crime, and variable for social partnership shows the highest power for crime commitment. On the other hand, there is significant and negative relationship between level of social capital and crimes not resulting in imprisonment