فصلنامه مطالعات امنیت اجتماعی
سال سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 32، زمستان 1391)

The present research aims at reviewing the role of societal security in societal capital with respect to the moderate impact on citizens› mental security. Whereas the outcome of this research has been practically used, the research is of applied and descriptive-survey type. ,the under survey population of the present research includes staff of Khorramabad city police force selected through using Cochran formula and random categorized sampling system. The tool used for collecting information is a standard questionnaire whose reliability and validity have been respectively confirmed through using content credit and Cronbach›s alpha. In this research, structural equations› approach and Amos software have been used to review and test the relevant hypotheses. The research results indicate that societal security has positive and significant impact onsocietal capital citizens› mental security. On the other hand, given the role of citizens› mental security in this research, one can argue that citizens› mental security acts like a mediator variable in the impact of societal security on societal capital.

Shifting government- oriented social security dialog to community- oriented social security dialog, social security for police has become an important issue. In the new era, community-oriented approach has been raised as one of the serious patterns for creating and maintaining security. In this approach, police's efficiency originates from its mutual relationship and interaction with the community. As a result, paying attention to police's social capital has become a new concept. Social capital has various dimensions and constituents, and through its conceptual and theoretical survey in the present article, constituents like collaboration and social trust to police staff has been stressed and measured quantitatively. The concepts are ranked within the framework of fuzzy logic. According to the existing data, social collaboration rate as one of the constituents of social capital may be assessed a little bit higher than average. Observational propositions indicate that the average trust rate of Tehrani citizens to police is 0.51.Majority of the respondents (43.8 percent) are thosewho are members of a group located in the transient point(0.5) in terms of trust in police , and are assessed based on the estimation system to meet value –based expectations. Regression correlation of trust in police coupled with linear combination of causative, efficiency, accountability conditions, organizational transparency and normal solidarity equals 0.85.A ratio of the variance of the public's trust in police (0.72)which is elucidated through relative collaboration of the whole group, the previously-mentioned causative conditions is elucidated.

Almost two decades ago Police's community –orientation approach was introduced in Iran's police forces, to that effect it is essential to assess the vision of NAJA officials concerning the characteristics of the approach in a scientific research. The present article is aimed at reviewing level that NAJA commanders are aware of Police's community-orientation approach and measuring to what extent it has been materialized. It also evaluates the awareness level of NAJA commanders about probable damages of community-orientation approach and how much they are affected by these probable immoralities. The statistical community of the research is NAJA commanders of cities. They are selected randomly based on Cochran formula .N=72 and they were given a self –made questionnaire including 94 questions in the form of 5 tables. The questionnaire's validity and reliability assessed based on the common scientific norms and it was approved after being revised. At first, the respondents were asked to consider the characteristics of crime prevention, and rank the 5 option s provided in the questionnaire based on their importance .The result indicates that 12 characteristics with over 80, and 10 characteristics with over 55 were weighed and approved by the respondents. In the next part of the research, while offering 2 clusters of community – oriented police in two tables, the respondents were asked to determine the importance level of the offered locution in a 5 option range, and then respond to the locutions of the second table and determine to what extent they are materialized. The research findings indicates that 30 options with importance level of over 85, and 22 other options with score over68 were approved by the respondents. The respondents are of the opinion that the characteristics are materialized over 80 percent. At first, while providing two groups of probable damages of communityorientation policing in the form of 20 locutions and a 5 option range, the respondents were asked to announce whether the locutions as sources of problem in community –orientation policing are accepted or rejected, and then they were asked to determine their level of importance. Then they were requested to announce the level NAJA is affected by the relevant damages. The research result indicates that the whole 20 damages used in the table were approved by respondents with score ranging from 50 to 80.The respondents announced the level NAJA is affected by damages something between 50 to 77 percent. Finally, based on the research findings a series of applied and effective recommendations and solutions were offered to the NAJA officials and mangers.

One of the complicated and worrisome issues, which have attracted the attention of many scholars, sociologists, criminologists, psychologists and experts, is very young criminals and juvenile delinquents. The present article is aimed at elucidating the relationship between self-alienation and delinquency on the part of Tehrani juveniles. The theoretical framework of the research is the theory of Melvin Simin on self-alienation. The research is of quantitative, periodical and survey type at intellect sociology level .N= 368 and sampling is done through using clustering method. Information is collected through a questionnaire and SPSS is used for analyzing data. In order to review the relationship between variables Κ-2, Tavi-B Kendal, Roa Spearman correlation coefficient, step by step regression and path analysis are used. The findings of the research indicate that sense of self-abhorrence among respondents is the most important factor contributing to delinquency. There is also a significant relationship between sense of lacking power, sense of lacking norms, sense of isolation and sense of lacking identity; and delinquency among juveniles.

The present research is aimed at identifying factors impacting drug trafficking by women in Zanjan. In line with this, while adopting quantitative method for reviewing various dimensions of the issue through interviewing women in the central prison of Zanjan, the study is aimed to identify environmental, social and family factors contributing to involvement of women in drug trafficking in Zanjan. Some theories related to social pressure, social learning and social control are utilized for adopting a theoretical outlook for the research and analyzing the data resulted from the interviews. Reviewing the remarks of the interviewees in the research, one can notice the substantial significance of factors such as addiction, drug trafficking by some members of the family. Divorce, lack of family relations integration, not being loyal to religious norms, have led them to get involved in drug trafficking. In many other cases, harsh economic conditions and poverty on the part of women responsible to lead the household paved the ground for getting involved in drug trafficking and trading it. In some other cases, lack of sufficient support of the affected families by the relevant organs has led the women to follow their husbands' way, and despite being punished in a period, they resumed drug trafficking and trading. In a few cases, women not being aware of the consequences of drug trafficking and being deceived, got involved in it unwillingly. It is noteworthy that all the women interviewed had not finished their high school education.

Sense of social security is among the important things in every society and is the basis for the existence of every political and social system. Sense of social security is a psychological-social phenomenon which has various social aspects. The present study is aimed at examining the factors affecting sense of social security in the central villages of Selseleh and Aleshtar city. The research is of survey type and its statistical population is people of 18 plus. Cochran formula is used for determining the volume of statistical representative sample. (N=382) the interviewees selected through random sampling system. The findings indicate that there is significant relationship between sense of societal security variable all over the city, and 3 variables: social solidarity, subjective and objective collaboration. The results of regression analysis indicates that there is a significant relationship between sense of security and social solidarity in rural communities and sense of security and institutional trust, objective participation in urban communities.