مجله طب سنتی اسلام و ایران
سال نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 36، زمستان 1397)

Background and purpose:

By increasing the spread of Persian medicine and the consequent use of the related traditional products, the importance of reviewing the control characteristics of these drugs is further enhanced. One of the important controls is microbial control. Also, due to the fermentative nature of some of these products, probiotic microorganisms are likely to be present in traditional medicine products. Accordingly, we decided to review the microbial contamination and probiotic potential of some of these products.

Methods and Materials:

In this study which performed during March 2017 to October 2018 in Shiraz-Iran, 27 different traditional medicine products were randomly purchased from Persian medicine Health Center of Shiraz. The total number of products aerobic bacteria and the total number of yeasts and fungus were counted. Also the presence or absence of pathogen microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella and Shigella were checked out. The method was performed by diluting the samples and then cultivating the specimens with pour plate method in an appropriate specific culture medium. To ensure the results, the microbial control method was validated. In addition, the presence or absence of Lactobacillus was also investigated in the manner described above.

The results of microbial cultures showed that all 27 products studied had the least acceptable criteria for microbial content, according to the European Pharmacopoeia 2017. Six samples were identified as the products containing Lactobacillus spp.

The presence of Lactobacillus in such products shows the importance of further studies on the probiotic content of such traditional products as a new source for the production of probiotics, and consequently as the new functional products.

Background and purpose:

One of the most common problems in postmenopausal women is sexual interest/arousal disorder in sexual relations which affect their quality of life. Considering the history of pollen of palm trees on treatment of infertility and increasing sexual desire, this study conducted to investigate the impact of date palm pollen capsules on female sexual interest/arousal disorder in menopausal woman.

Methods and Materials:

The present triple-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 menopausal women aged 40-65 years who referred to the health centers in Mashhad. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Date palm pollen and placebo capsules prescribed for 35 days. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) instrument was used to assess sexual desire and sexual arousal. At baseline and after treatment, the sexual performance scores of these two domains reviews and data analysis was performed by SPSS (version 16) using the independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.

After intervention, there was a significant difference in the mean of score changes for sexual desire (p=0/021) and sexual arousal (p=0/002) between two groups.

As the findings indicated, the administration of date palm pollen could improve sexual interest/arousal disorder in the postmenopausal women.

Background and purpose:

Communication skills as important behaviors enable the person to have an effective interaction and avoid an undesirable response. These communication skills indicate behavior and social health. Considering the importance of communication skills in acquiring knowledge and skills of learners, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between temperament and communication skills of nursing and midwifery student of Bushehr University in 2017-2018.

Methods and Materials:

The present study is a cross-sectional correlation survey conducted on 300 nursing and midwifery students through census in Bushehr during 2017-2018. The data were collected using questionnaires of Mojahedi temperament (2014) and queendom communication skill (2004). Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22, using descriptive statistics and analytical tests including Chi-square, independent T test and one way ANOVA considering the significance level of 0.05.

Out of 300 students, 94 people possessed cold and dry temperament (31.8%), 93 people had cold and wet temperament (31.4%), 55 people had hot and wet temperament (18.6%) and 54 people had hot and dry temperament (18.2%). Mean score of communication skills was more than average (108.21±9.72). Mean score of communication skills participant in students with cold and wet temperament was 107.48±6.84, cold and dry temperament was 104.1±10.67, hot and wet temperament was 112.98±7.43, and hot and dry temperament was 112.72±8.42. There was a meaningful relationship between the students' temperament and communication skills. Hot and wet-tempered students as well as hot and dry- tempered students had higher communication skills than cold and wet-tempered and cold and dry-tempered individuals (p<0.001).

Meaningful relationship between temperament and communication skills suggested that focus of attention should be on student’s temperament and temperament modification planning is required in order to increase the communication skills of students.

Background and purpose:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the most common and prevalent diseases which are responsible for a majority of the morbidity, mortality, and health care costs worldwide. Hence, prevention and treatment of CVDs is essential for maintaining public health as well as economic benefits. In this respect, Persian medicine (PM) has recommended several practical comments based on the minerals for the prevention and treatment of heart diseases which will be discussed in this paper.

Methods and Materials:

This article describes the role of minerals in the prevention and treatment of CVDs according to the comments recommended in PM. The study is based on the systematic search of PM sources such as Al Qanun-fi al-Tibb, Exir-e-Azam, Moalejat-e-Aghili, Makhzan-al-Advieh as well as Pub Med, Google Scholar, Scopus, SID, Iran medex, Magiran, Noor database using keywords: “Heart disease”, “Heart tonic”, “Heart disease”, “Heart recreating”, “Cardiovascular disease”, “Risk factor”, “Prevention”, and “Mineral remedies”. All results were extracted and analyzed comprehensively.

Heart is a significant organ known as “chief organ” in PM. In this regard, there are a wide range of useful comments to improve or maintain heart health usually based on the herbal and mineral prescriptions as well as spiritual practice. In the case of minerals, ruby, gold, silver, turquoise and emerald have been found highly effective in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.

According to PM, using minerals such as gold, silver, pearl, amber, coral, lapis armenus, ambergris, ruby, azure, turquoise, opal, jade, garnet stone badakhshan, emerald, and iron, alone or in combination with other minerals, leads to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. They may be used through different procedures including oral administration, wearing, keeping in mouth, and looking at them.

Background and purpose:

Wetness and dryness are among the main keywords that have been used to explain all theoretical basics including physiopathology or semiology and practical branches of medicine that are related to the prevention and treatment. Despite the importance of such topic, a separate section which explains its concept does not exist in the Persian medicine textbooks. The purpose of this study is to explain the concept of wetness and dryness, the types of moisture, and the symptoms mentioned for these types mentioning their role in diagnosis and treatment.

Methods and Materials:

In this review study, the main books of Persian medicine were assessed using wet and wetness or moisture keywords. A search in Google Scholar, PubMed, Magiran, Iran medex and SID was also done to investigate the current researches.

In Persian medicine, wetness sometimes refers to the very quality of wetness and sometimes to humidity or moisture as wet material. Moisture in general is classified into two types of bodily and not bodily moistures. Bodily moisture can be classified into four general categories based on the quality of moisture, the nature of the moisture, the moisture function and its location. Depending on the quality of the moisture, the function of the moisture is different.

Understanding the concept of wetness, its various kinds and related sign or symptoms of the moisture is a step toward promotion of health in all stages of prevention, diagnosis and treatment in Persian medicine 

Background and purpose:

Medicine and agriculture are branches of “Tabiyat” (physic), and this common root causes their basic principles and methods to be the same. This research is aimed at understanding the ideas of the past on the types of soil and its modification methods and the relationship between the knowledge of medicine and agriculture in the field of soil reform.

Methods and Materials:

This is a qualitative research paper, the source of which is one of the newest parts of the book of “Al-Shamel fi al-Sana'at al-Tabiya of Ibn-e Nafis Qarshi”. In the analysis of information, content analysis and extraction of materials in similar instances have been used. Then the rules and general principles governing the discussion have been gathered.

The temperament (mizaj) of the soil is cold and dry, and it needs sunlight and water to be suitable for farming so that its cold and dry nature is balanced. In soils that lack adequate light and water naturally, it is necessary to use artificial methods such as fertilization, irrigation, and plowing. Hence, identification of soil types and their suitability with plant type and methods used to prepare it is important.

By investigating the case of soil recognition and its modification, according to Qarshi, the relationship between the two medical and agricultural knowledge is known. This connection is in the sharing of the benefit and the purpose and some key terms of these sciences, so that if the purpose and usefulness of the science of medicine is to preserve the health and treatment of the disease, the benefit of agricultural science will be to preserve the plant and to dispose of plant pests. Some common approaches and topics are also found in both knowledge. For example, physicians modify and treat cold and dry temperaments using heat and moisture. The same method is also used to correct the coldness and dryness of the earth by artificial modification methods.

Background and purpose:

Pharmacy is one of the oldest knowledge in the history of human sciences and civilization because of the necessity of it for mankind. The manufacturing and combination of drugs requires the recognition of pharmaceutical substances. Among the drugs with plant, animal and mineral origin, stones also have medicinal and therapeutic effects.

Methods and Materials:

This research has been conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner relying on the early medical texts (Ferdos al-Hekmah, Al-Hawi, Al-Qanoun, Al-Tasrif, Zakhireh); first, the introduction of independent texts on minerals and stones; decorative and non-stick jewels and stones are mentioned in medical treatment and their function as a drug in medical and pharmaceutical works.

Results :

Studies have shown that stones have been prescribed as drugs in the treatment of various types of physical illnesses, mental disorders, and even skin diseases. The use of stones and jewels in the form of single-drug, manufacturing of compound drugs, and the combination of potions and tablets has been reported. In some cases, doctors advised the patient to take the stones and carry it to prevent and treat some diseases.

Stone therapy has been the focus of recent studies. Considering the medicinal function of stones in the history of medicine and pharmacy, the experiences and opinions of Muslim scholars in this field can be used. However, the pharmaceutical application of stones and minerals will require new scientific studies and experimental evaluations.

Background and purpose:

Ethnobotany is a powerful tool for obtaining valuable information about the medicinal plants used in various cultures which provides the ground for discovering new drugs. The purpose of this research was to identify medicinal plants which have traditional uses in the Khash city.
 
Methods and Materials:

The study was carried out in two villages of Irrandegan and Karavandar in the south of Khash city using field surveys, studying beliefs and popular information, documentary studies, identifying, categorizing and introducing medicinal plants. At first, the floristic list was prepared from the Khash natural resources office. According to the list, the native medicinal species of the region was determined. For each herbal medicine, we determined the scientific name, the local name, and the used parts. In addition, the common therapeutic properties were identified through questionnaires and interviews with local people.

Results:

In general, 22 species of medicinal plants were identified in 14 families in Khash region. The most commonly medicinal application of plants was for digestive problems, joint pain, female’s illnesses, and infectious diseases, respectively. The people of the region combine and burn the plants specially Tamarix, Artemisia, and Withania. Ash and smoke which driven from these plants are used as a strong substance to relieve joint pain.

Conclusion:

There is a wide variety of medicinal plants in the Khash area. People use a number of herbs to treat diseases that are special to this region. Research on these medicinal plants could pave the way to discover new drugs.