نشریه اندیشه و رفتار در روان شناسی بالینی
پیاپی 48 (تابستان 1397)

Breast has an in important role in female body image, and related feminine identity, feminine feeling, sexual tendency, physical and sexual attractiveness, and nourishing maternal feeling to itself. Aim of this study was to comparison appearance anxiety, mental obsession with this anxiety, and emotional distress experiences in cancer patient treated with mastectomy, cancer patients volunteered for breast reconstruction and healthy woman volunteered for breast cosmetic surgery. For this purpose, in a casual comparative study, 144 participants have been chosen through convenient method and evaluated for body-image distortion. Analysis of variances showed that there are significant differences in anxiety about unattractive body parts, stress and distress caused by body defect between groups; but, there is no significant differences in mental obsession about unattractive body parts. Also, it showed that there are significant differences between cancer patients treated with mastectomy (CPTM) with breast reconstruction volunteers (BRV), and BRV with cosmetic surgery volunteers (CSV) and cancer patients with breast reconstruction (CPBR) in anxiety about unattractive body parts, and significant differences in BRV and CSV in mental obsession related to unattractive body parts. Comparing stress and distress due to body defect showed differences in CPTM with BRV and BRV with CPBR and CPBR. This study vindicates substructure of cancer patients treated with mastectomy and healthy people.

Decision for undergoing cosmetic surgery is intensively under impact of the psychological problems. The beliefs of a person about her body image in general affect all of her other beliefs, excitements and behaviors. This study aims to determine the fitness of structural model of relationships between body image, illogical beliefs and mental health in applicants of breast cosmetic surgery. For this purpose, in a descriptive research of correlation type, 100 women applying for breast cosmetic surgery were selected based on convenience method, and were assessed with regards to body image, illogical beliefs, and psychological disorders symptoms.  Analysis of data using structural equations modeling technique indicated that the structural model of research has good witness with collected data. The body image has associated in general and negatively with illogical beliefs and mental health. Illogical beliefs have positive relationship with illogical beliefs in general. Body image has indirect and negative relationship with mental health. Illogical beliefs also have indirect and positive relationship with mental health factors. Dissatisfaction of clients with their body image under individual and environmental factors may result in incorrect assessments, negative thoughts and excitements in them

Infertility is a complex crisis in life, and perhaps this is why many authors have likened the psychological consequences of infertility to the general mourning. Studies have shown that psychological factors can contribute to infertility, and that infertility also has psychological consequences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching Gottman model of emotional-consensual model on the fear of intimacy and intimacy in infertility. For this purpose, in a semi-experimental, pre-test, post-test with control group, 22 infertile women referring to infertility centers and medical diagnostic laboratory of Qods of Tehran province were selected using available sampling method. A randomized design was applied to experimental and control groups. The groups were evaluated for fear of intimacy and anxiety before and after the intervention. The experimental group was subjected to intermittent interventional thrill-fusion simulation for 10 sessions of 120 minutes using the Johnson group intervention program and the Bowlby attachment theory and several key categories of the Gottman model. The control group did not receive any intervention. The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that the training of the combined model caused a significant reduction in the fear of infertility and anxiety among infertile persons. It seems that teaching the integrated model of an exciting approach and the Gottman model can be used to reduce the Fear of Infertility and the anxiety of infertile women.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that causes abdominal pain, bloating, and stomach upset, and accompany with some problems like anxiety disorders, depression disorders and psychosomatic disorders. The aim of this study was comparison of effectiveness of Acceptance commitment therapy and Meta cognition therapy on flexibility and hopefulness of patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome. For this purpose, in a semi-experimental research with control group, and pre-test, post-test and follow up design, 30 woman patients who were suffering from Irritable bowel syndrome selected in available sampling from Pharmaceutical sciences University and Rasoole Akram Hospital and sited randomly in three groups of meta cognition, acceptance commitment therapy and control group. The experimental groups received eight nighty minutes the therapeutic plans of metacognition and acceptance commitment therapy. The results of mixed variance analysis showed that both of therapeutic plans increased the same, hopefulness of patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome but, metacognition was more effective than acceptance commitment therapy on flexibility of patients. Since demonstration of change in biological and psychosocial factors of these patients is effective on irritable bowel syndrome, so the components of flexibility and hopefulness should be considered to promote the healthy of these patients.

Emotion regulation can be assumed as a process which by the individual affects the emotion that is currently being experienced and determines how the person experiences and expresses the emotions. Dysfunctional patterns of emotion regulation in skin patients could intensify and maintain their condition. The aim of this research was to compare the cognitive emotion regulation strategies (adaptive and maladaptive) in psoriasis patients and non-psoriasis individuals in Ahvaz city. To gain this purpose, by using convenience sampling method, 100 individuals (50 psoriasis patients and 50 non-psoriasis) were selected as the sample to conduct a casual- comparative research and emotion regulation strategies (adaptive and maladaptive) were assessed. The results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that there was a significant difference between psoriasis patient and non-psoriasis individuals in emotional regulation cognitive strategies (adaptive and maladaptive) and the psoriasis patients use less adaptive and more non-adaptive emotion regulation strategies in comparison to non-psoriasis individuals. It is possible that the emotional cognitive regulation problems could be considered in increasing psoriasis, and patients with psoriasis, like other skin diseases use more non-adaptive emotional regulation cognitive strategies.

Cancer is among the most prevalent health problems of the present century and some of them can change patients’ physical appearance (such as face change, lesion and severe hair loss). Some patients after mastectomy and chemotherapy confront with removal of a breast and hair loss and have psychological well-being problem. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the dysfunctional beliefs, self- talk and self-management of cancer patients with changes in physical appearance. This was a pretest-posttest controlled quasi-experimental study. A convenience sample of 40 patients with appearance change have been selected through available non-random sampling and randomly allocated to the experimental and the control groups . Patients in the experimental group received mindfulness-based educations in eight sessions. Before and after the study intervention, patients in both study groups completed the Jone’s Irrational Belief Test, the Self-Talk Scale and Self-management scale.  Study findings with multivariate analysis of variance revealed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly improved the participating patients’ irrational beliefs, self-talk and self-management. This finding confirmed that mind-fullness therapy make awareness about beliefs and reduce irrational beliefs about body deficiency and negative appraisal.

Depression is applied to a wide domain of problems related to mental health that is revealed with lack of positive emotion, low mood, and a range of emotional, cognitive, physical and behavioral symptoms. This research aims to study the effectiveness of behavioral activation treatment on asymmetry of alpha EEG in frontal lobe, cognitive flexibility and selective attention in patients suffering from depressive disorder. For this purpose, in a semi-experimental research with the multi-group pretest-posttest design and follow-up with control group, 30 persons were selected based as convenience samples using random sampling and placed in two test and control groups, from among clients of medical clinic of Tabriz that received the diagnosis of depressive disorder. Neurofeedback equipment of Canadian Technology Thought Company, model Procomp 2 was used for assessment of asymmetry of alpha in frontal lobe, before and after completion of behavioral activation treatment for measuring the effectiveness of this therapy on amendment of alpha asymmetry in frontal lobe. The test group received behavioral activation intervention for 8 weeks (1 therapy session per week). Analysis of multivariable covariance demonstrated that behavioral activation treatment results in increase of the activity of left sphere through reduction of alpha, F3 and reduction of cognitive flexibility and selective attention and reduction of the depression symptoms in test group. Behavioral activation treatment seems to be effective on improvement of cognitive flexibility and selective attention, and results in increase of the activity of left sphere, but has no effect on the improvement of cerebral alpha asymmetry.

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the understanding of how emotional regulation affects the mental and physical health of individuals. Emotional regulation involves the use of behavioral and cognitive strategies to change the emotional experience or intensity. The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of self-esteem and emotional regulation in the relationship between personality traits and resiliency in breast cancer patients. For this purpose, in a correlational descriptive study, 275 women with breast cancer who had criteria for entering the sample were selected as an accessible sample and tested for their personality traits, self-esteem, cognitive emotions regulation and resilience. The results of path analysis indicated that self-esteem mediated the relationship between personality traits (except agreeable) and resilience. Moreover, adaptive cognitive emotion regulation mediated the relationship between neuroticism, and agreeable and also maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation mediated the relationship between neuroticism, extraversion, openness, and agreeableness and resilience. The findings were discussed according to the mediating role of self-esteem and cognitive emotion regulation