مجله روانشناسی ورزش
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1391)

Developmental coordination disorder occurs when the development of motor skills is delayed or difficulties appear in movement coordination. Activities of daily living that require motor coordination in children with DCD has turned out to be lower than expected in terms of age and intelligence which is not even caused by physical and psychological disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible effects of physioball exercises on sensory – motor in 5-to-6 year-old children with developmental coordination disorder in Isfahan. 30 Children with developmental coordination disorder were selected randomly using screening tests and divided into two groups. (Control group and experimental group, 15 participants each). In order to do the screening test, developmental coordination disorder Questionnaire and Raven intelligence test were used. The research design was a pre- post test in which the experimental group received physioball exercises for 8 weeks and the control group did not receive any training or intervention. Multivariate analysis of covariance test (MANCOVA) was used to examine the influence of exercise. Results showed that the above mentioned physioball exercises had a significant effect on the experimental Groups performance (p≤0/05). Thus, the experimental group showed better performance and improvement in the movement capability which demonstrates the positive effects of physioball exercises for children with developmental coordination disorder. Hence it is recommended to use these exercises in schools and nurseries to improve motor performance in children with developmental coordination disorder.

This study aimed to examine the effect of self controlled feedback and model´s skill level in physical, observational and physical- observational practice conditions on volley ball service learning in adolescences. 120-elementry students (with average age 11.2 ± 0.85 years old) selected and divided to 12 groups based on their pre test that contains 20volley ball serves. Practice phase included 4weeks, contains 3sessions which each session includes 30 serves. After last session of practice immediate retention test and 48 hours later delayed retention test was conducted. The results were analyzed using one-way AONAVA test, MANOAVA test and paired test. The effect of model skill level was not significant in the Physical and Observational Learning in the immediate and delayed retention phase. But the effect of feedback types was significant in both physical and observational learning (p<0.05). The physical – observational learning groups had the best results in two phases of test and the physical practice groups did better than observational groups. There was also no significant improve in observational groups from pre test to immediate and delayed retention phase. this result suggests the advantages for self-controlled feedback in observational practice as well as combination observational- physical practice.

Developmental Coordination Disorder occurs when the delayed development of motor skills or movement coordination problems arise in the performance of children with ADHD in daily activities that require motor coordination, the lower the expected level of for age and measured intelligence is not due to psychological and physical ailments. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of gymnastics training on executive function and sensory - motor developmental coordination disorder in children aged 8 to 10 in Tehran. This study was a quasi-experimental study. 34 children with coordination disorders - 8-10 years of growth, the availability of objective, were selected and randomly divided into two groups (n=19) and controls (n=15) groups. Research tool for screening, Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire and the Raven's Progressive Matrices test. The dependent variables for the assessment questionnaire nerves - psychological Conner was used. The experimental group received an eight-week program for locomotor intervention gymnastics. Statistical analysis using multivariate covariance analysis was performed P≤0.001 significance level. Significant differences between control and experimental groups in all functions of variables of attention (P ≤0.001 - F= 330.265a) Was detected. This study showed that gymnastics training can focus on improving the performance of children with developmental coordination disorder effectively. It is recommended that schools with gymnastics exercises can help to reduce attention Function in children.

This research aimed to study the effect of an aerobics training period- based on Gallahue model- on manipulation fundamental skill development in the first-grade male students in Karaj. Using convenience sampling, 30 subjects were selected from Andishe School based on a demographic questionnaire. After the fundamental manipulation skill development pretest (2000), they were randomly assigned to two groups of 15 people. The first group performed the aerobics exercises at 8 weeks; there were 2 sessions per week and each session lasted 45 minutes. This exercise included warm-up and stretching for 10 minutes, aerobic exercise for 30 minutes with simple synchronized movements, and 5 minutes for cool down. The second group performed the regular school activities during this period. At the end of the session, 16 post-test were conducted and the results were recorded. The results of t test showed aerobic exercise group (t=5/634) performed better in manipulation skills in comparison to the group who performed their usual activities in the school (t=2/06). The difference between pre-test and post-test scores of aerobic exercise group was significant (p <0.05). According to the view of Gallahue, aerobic exercise improves coordination, creates mobility, and enriches the environment. Therefore, it leads to the development of manipulation motor skills in children. It was therefore recommended that education authorities include aerobic activities in the physical education curriculum to create vitality.

Today, It has paid attention to using different kinds of music in sport and rehabilitation domain. But the results of studies about the effectiveness of kinds of music are different. This study aimed at investigating the effect of listening to four kinds of music (sedative, brain wave stimulator, motivational, and mixed) during performing intense endurance physical activity on improving one’s perception of exertion and time, fatigue severity, state of feeling vigor, fatigue. In this research, the researcher has compared changes in dependent variables between experimental and control groups. To do this, 10 female students studying at physical education high school in Lorestan province participated in this research voluntarily. Every subject, based on her own ability, performed the intense endurance training (RHIET) until the blood glucose level dropped to the reported index in the literature of study (3.78 Mmol/L). The subjects performed this protocol in a crossed design manner for five days that is one day was for performing and the next day for recovery. One’s perception of exertion and time, fatigue severity, state of feeling vigor, fatigue measured immediately after exercise. The results of this research showed that listening to kinds of music during performing intense endurance physical activity has a significant effect on reduce one’s perception of exertion and time, decreasing fatigue severity, increasing state of feeling vigor, increasing state of feeling fatigue (p<0.05). In general, it can be concluded that music can function as psychological motivator, facilitate positive mood change, and reduce one’s perception of exertion and time. In particular, mixed music has the strongest effect on improving some psychologicalindices during performing intense endurance physical activity.

The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of computer training, practical and combination on the acquisition and retention on the pattern of movement Soccer kick skill. In this research, 60 people of Nishabour soccer school player with the mean age 12, participated voluntarily and they divided Into four groups: control, computer, practical and combination, and the pre-test the kick skill of learners with both frontal and side imaging camera have been recorded, and grading index were defined by 5 assessor. Again after 18 sessions of training, this skill of learner were evaluated in acquisition’ test, and 72 hours later were evaluated whit the same quality in retention’ test. The obtained data compared by using a mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures and t-test were, and by using ANOVA 2*4 and Duncan’s post hoc test, was determined difference. in the acquisition test, improve skill acceptable for all three groups (p≤ 0.05), and the retention test results indicate the superiority of the combination group, the subjects were shot in maintaining continuity of skill (p≤ 0.05). Although doing exercise absolutely computer and practical led to better consequence, doing partical exercise, but do practical exercises with computer training, continuing further maintain this progress was followed.

the purpose of this study was investigating the effect of different instructions of focus of attention on 20 yard Sprinting Performance. For this purpose, 20 male physical education students selected Via available sample and In four different conditions: internal focus (Focus on swing legs), external focus near (focus on pushing foot forward and grab the floor with feet), external focus far (focus on the cones after the finish line) and control (without attention instructions) performed 20 yard Sprinting. Participants in each condition performed 3 trails. within-group analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the EXF condition was significantly better than the other three condition (P<0/05). Therefore, it is suggested, in order to optimized implementation of starting and speed actions for novice athletes to be provided EXF instruction.