نشریه سالمندشناسی
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 12، بهار 1398)

Old ages are one of the most major period of human life which because of its nature and being close to death time enhances deep questions about existential identity of man, anxiety related to effacement and annihilation, meaningfulness, feelings of unsafety, loneliness and seclusion in mind of most elder people. So this research has been done to review the effectiveness of ontological security training on psychological safety and existential anxiety of elder people in nursing home of Yasuj city. This study is a semi-experimental, two-group test with pretest, posttest and two-month follow up. The population includes all elder people residing at Ferdows nursing home in Yasuj city in 2018. The statistical sample is a 30-people group which was purposively selected and randomly divided into two test and control groups (each of 15 people). The test group was trained by 6 weekly meetings each takes 45 minutes with the training program of ontological security based on Giddens theory, while the control group had no interfere during the research. Then people of both groups have been post-tested and followed up. The data gathering tools were psychological safety questionnaire (Edmondson, 1999) and existential anxiety questionnaire (Weems et al, 2004) and the data was analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA in SPSS, v 23. The results showed that ontological security training significantly affects psychological safety (P<0.001) and existential anxiety (P<0.05) of elder people in nursing home, but this significance was not prolonged for existential anxiety in follow up step (P>0.05). Hence this kind of training could result in increasing psychological safety and decreasing existential anxiety of elder people of the center. Ontological security training decrease some part of existential anxiety of elder people while improving their psychological safety, so it could be applied as an effective training method for elder people.

Self-Compassion and gratitude can affect the various aspects of the life of the elderly. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between gratitude and self-Compassion with suicidal ideation in the elderly. For this study 378 Elders in Tehran were selected by Non-randomly sampling method. Data was collected using gratitude scale, Beck suicidal ideation scale, and self-compassion short form scale. The data were analyzed using stepwise regression analysis. The results of the step-by-step regression analysis showed that the F-value in the first step was 69.522 and in the second step it was44.305, which are all significant. Also, the explanatory factor was 53% in the first step and 60% in the second step. Thus,  gratitude and self-compassion are capable of predicting 60% of changes in suicidal ideation in the elderly. Based on the findings considering the ways of increasing the gratitude of the elderly as an external power of the individual, also by enhancing the self-compassion of himself as internal power, can the flexibility of the elderly against suicide increased, and consequently reduced the suicidal ideation.

The phenomenon of aging is an inevitable part of the life of humans, demographers, aged 60 and older, are considered to be old age. As the medical science progresses, this population is rising, but the quality of life in this age has dropped to some extent and has always been a problem in Health is related and in our country, considering the process and population pyramid, planning for any services, we need to know the real needs of these people. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the frequency of health problems of the elderly in Hamadan city as a cross-sectional study. The year 1396-1397 was conducted. This is a cross-sectional study of 714 population aged 60-71 years old living in Hamedan. Data collection tools were General Health Questionnaire, Goldberg and Hiller (1979) (with subscales of physical symptoms, anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbance, social function and depression symptoms), and a brief examination of the psychological state of Folestin et al. (1975), which included (domains Cognitive, directional, memory recording, attention, calculation, memory, language, and ability to perform simple commands). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 using Chi-square test. The findings of this study showed that 509 elderly women (205.721) and 205 (721.272) were elderly men (21% of them were hospitalized in the last 1 year) with an average of 2 days. In terms of education, 399 participants did not have education and (34.1734) 244 movement education (2.941) had elementary education, (201.4) 30 had secondary education (1.550), 11 He had a diploma and (1/260) had 9 higher education degrees, of which 7 had resigned teachers. In the health questionnaire, the most common symptoms were physical symptoms (417/5403), sleep disturbance and anxiety symptoms (460 425/64), depression symptoms (367.44), and social function (498.93) (428) In the short examination of mental status, the highest percentages of memory and language disorders and the ability of orders (with 405,27226), cognitive domains (326/658), navigation (with 249/87) (249) In memory) with (291.291) and 209 (291.21) and 141 (747/198) were calculated. There was a significant relationship between sex with general health and a brief examination of mental status with a type of sub-scale (P <0.05). Considering the high level of general health and mental health weakness, the findings of this study suggest that the use of psychosocial education in reducing physical symptoms is recommended.

Death anxiety of the elderly may be influenced by individual differences and many psychological factors. The purpose of this study was to predict death anxiety of elderly living in elderly care centers based on cognitive distortions, loneliness, and stress coping strategies. The research design is an analytical descriptive. The statistical population of this study was all elderly living in elderly care centers of Tehran. 120 persons were selected, as a sample by available sampling method from two centers of Sabzomid and Parnian. Research tools include Templer death anxiety scale (1970), beck and wiseman's cognitive distortion questionnaire (1987), Russell, Papelo and Katrona's loneliness questionnaire (1980) and Andler & Parker's (1990) coping strategies questionnaire. After checking and confirming the assumptions, Research data were analyzed by multiple linear regression method in SPSS, v 23. The results of demographic variable showed that most of the sample group were men and ages 70 to 75 years old. Data analysis results show that cognitive distortion has a significant positive correlation with death anxiety (p <0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between loneliness and death anxiety (p <0.05). Additionally, negative relationship between problem-oriented coping strategy and death anxiety in elderly was confirmed (p <0.05). Based on research results, choosing appropriate coping strategies against stress, reducing loneliness and cognitive distortion can be associated with decreasing the death anxiety in the elderly living in the elderly homes.

Osteosarcopenic obesity results from multiple muscle and bone degradation and increase in fat tissue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks elastic-band resistance training on muscle quality and serum CAF in elderly women with osteosarcopenic obesity.

In this randomized, single blind randomized clinical trial, 48 elderly women with osteosarcopenic obesity (based on the results of the DEXA test, age 64.63 ± 3.68, fat percentage 45.4 ± 6.6, BMI 3.71 ± 1/33, T score of bone minerals density of femur and 1-4 lumbar spine  -1.86 ± 1.42) were randomly divided to control (n = 22) and exercise (n = 26). The training group performed a 12 weeks and three sessions at week elastic-band resistance training for all major muscle groups. 48 hours before and after 12 weeks of intervention, a DEXA-test was performed. Independent sample t-test was used for intra-group comparisons and two-way ANOVA (group* time) was used for comparison between groups.

The results of statistical analysis showed that after 12 weeks of elastic-band resistance training as a result of between-group comparisons, there was a significant difference in muscle quality (P = 0.043), Z score of osteosarcopenic obesity (P = 0.303), and hand grip (P = 0.013) was observed between the training and control groups. However, there were not observed significant difference in weight (P = 0.440), body mass index (P = 0.354), fat percentage (P = 0.093), BMC (P = 0.001), BMD (P = 0.564) gait speed (P = 0.22) and CAF (P = 0.501).

According to the results of this study, elastic-band resistance training improves muscle strength, muscule quality and the status of osteosarcopenic obesity (Z score) in elderly women with osteosarcopenic obesity. Also, due to the lack of significant changes in CAF, at least in this study, CAF is not confirmed as a powerful indicator of muscle quality and physical function.

 Little is known about characteristics of loneliness among rural and urban older people. The purpose of this study was to determine Loneliness comparison and its related factors between urban and rural elderly people.

 In this descriptive study, 280 community dowelling elderly people were selected by systematic random sampling method in Behshahr city in 2018. Data were gathered using Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults(SELSA) questionnaire, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Index(IADL), and the Medical-Demographic questionnaire. Data were Analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software using descriptive statistics, via the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Multiple Linear regression with stepwise analysis.

 The mean of Loneliness score for the urban and rural elderly were 33.00 ± 8.34 and 33.57 ± 9.89, respectively. There was no significantly relationship between total loneliness score among urban and rural elderly, however emotional score was significantly more among rural elderly compared to urban elders(P=0.033). According to the multivariate linear regression analysis results, marital status had the most strongly affected on the sense of loneliness among both urban and rural elders.

 Regarding the high incidence of loneliness in the elderly, Perforrming more studies and designing educational, consulting, and supportive interventions is suggested, in order to prevent of loneliness and its adverse outcomes.

Every patient has legal rights without any discrimination when s/he refers to health centers and it must be observed by all of the providers’ services.

The aim of this study is to considering the observance of the contents of patients’ rights by nurses of hospitalization centers of elderlies in Khuzestan province in 2015.

The current study is a descriptive-sectional study. The samples of study were containing of 175 of patients with the ages of more than 65 years old that were chosen by easy sampling method. The gathering tool of data was the researcher’s built questionnaire. After the completion of questionnaires, the data were analyzed by means of SPSS software Ver.22.

As the results of study, the elderlies that were attended in this study reported as follow: the amount of their observance’s rights in secrecy level and protection the privacy (84.6%), in the level of privilege of cares and appropriate remedy (77.1%), presenting the needful information to patients (54.3%), protection the patient’s independence (54.9%), the right of having calmness (61.7%) and absence of non-appropriate behaviors of nurses team (68%) that were in high level. And just in the domain of investigation of protests, the amount of observance rights in most patients (37.1%) that was calculated in an average level.

This study showed that nurses in most areas they respect the rights of the elderly.

Increasing the population of the elderly, due to birth defects and improvement in people's health and life expectancy, has increased the need to pay attention to the problems of this group. Also, given the increasing trend of the elderly population in the world, and in particular, the developing countries The development of our country and the accompaniment of the aging phenomenon with the appearance of physical and mental disorders have increased the necessity of determining the quality of life of this stratum, as well as identifying the vulnerable components of women in rural areas to provide scientific and executive circles for maintaining and improving the quality of life of these strata. The purpose of this study is to investigate.

The present study was carried out with a combination of two qualitative and quantitative approaches, including using focused discussion groups in the qualitative section, and performing factor analysis in the quantitative section. The population in the first stage is the qualitative approach of elderly women in 25 villages in Zanjan city. In these villages, the number of women over 65 is more than 15% of the total population. The women consist of 784 women in 25 villages of this city. Using a targeted and homogeneous sampling, 130 of these women were selected as samples. Qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze qualitative aspects. It was also used to collect quantitative data from a researcher made questionnaire that was extracted from the above. The method of collecting information was by face-to-face interview and using a questionnaire. Data were collected after encoding and analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and analytic tests including mean, T single sample and Spearman correlation coefficient.

The results of the research show that the socioeconomic factor with a specific value of 13.145 and the variance of 23.670 was the most important component of vulnerability of rural women. Measuring the quality of life and identifying the vulnerability components of rural elderly women lead to planning, prevention and rehabilitation in the field of improving their life. Physical dimension of elderly quality of life with such issues as education level, employment status, economic situation, housing and the presence of disease. Meaningful. Decreasing self-esteem and social value, powerlessness, lack of independence in deciding poverty trap is one of the most important components of vulnerability of elderly women in rural areas. In this regard, two major strategies for reducing these vulnerabilities can include the support of government organs and the empowerment of these elderly people. In the study area, social isolation is more likely to be problematic for women because their life span is generally higher than that of their spouses, which causes their vulnerability to varying degrees. In such situations, women are more likely to be exposed to psychological harm.