نشریه امامت پژوهی
پیاپی 23 (بهار و تابستان 1397)

In the holy book of Quran and sunni resources, salvation in hereafter is defined as being shielded against hellfire and entrance into the paradise.Monopolists regard the staunch Sunni believers the only group qualified to be shielded against hellfire and to enter into paradise. However,the Infallible Imams regard the expanse of Allah’s bounty and favour as vaster. Regarding the issue of salvation and its extent, Imams call attention to two issues simultaneously. First: the monopoly value of Shia Imams and steadfastedly following themyields“guaranteed salvation”. Second is the vastness of Allah’s bounty and forgiveness that leadsto“suspended salvation” (salvation with no guarantee). Almighty Allah grants salvation to people that areerroneous in their beliefs and deeds and don’t worship Allah as he desires so, however, they show no enmity or ill will to Allah’s successors on earth and never fight them. Thus, Imams hold that according to the holy book of Quran and the tradition of prophet both doors are open in hereafter : the door for guranteed salvation and the door for suspended salvation. The current paper seeks to explore the issue of suspended inclusiveness of salvation to many amuslim according to Quranic verses and hadiths. The current paper seeks to show that there is no paradox between holding only steadfast believers and followers of Shia Imams will reach salvation and the vastness and inclusiveness of Allah’s salvation for non-Shias. According to the Shia school of thought both of these lines of reasoning are truthful and plausible.

A virtue of Imam Ali will-known in the past but veiled in the current era is his similarity to jesus christ. According to a quote referenced in Shia and Sunni writings from Abu Sadiq Azodi,
Prophet deliberately refrained from explaining the high virtues, lofty qualities and elevated status of Imam Ali to public fearing that lay Muslims would – as chritians did in the era of christ- would show exaggration in their reactions towards Imam Ali. In the process of historically quoting and requoting, ideas fluctuated between accepting or rejecting the veracity of current hadith, just like any other hadith in sunni writings. This hadith had some degrees of evolutions in the course of history too. As a result, a new text which carries anti-Rafezi implications. It is as follows
" یا علی، فیک مثل من عیسی، ابغضته یهود حتی بهتوا امه، و احبته النصاری حتی انزلوه المنزل الذی لیس له"
The current study adopts a text-proof analytical method and investigates the age, evidences and the method of transferrencefor this Hadith in the course of history in sunni and Shia writings. The current study then seeks to identify the truthful factual quote and reconstruct the real mathods of requoting. It will also cast some useful insight on the reasons behind the prevelance of distorted hadith.

Surat al Maede is among the longest ones revealed to the prophet of islam. it is also known as the last of revelations to the prophet of Islam.This Surat is repelete with multiple veses on authority and leadership, preaching and perfectness. Shia interpretation scholars bring these verses as proofs and quote them frequently to prove the rightousness of Imam Ali as the successor of prophet and the just leader of Muslims. However, there exists an incongruence between the verses prior to verse three and the verses following it. The verse prior to verse three is about consumption of un-Halal meat, the following verses talk about perfection of Islam as a religion. Interpretors attempted to address this seemingly incongruent placement of verse. Some scholars offered their solutions for these seemingly incongruent verse, such as discontinuity of revelation to prophet, scatteredness in revelation, irrelevance of the phrase “This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you”. The current study adopts a constructive interpretation method and taps on the tools offered by this method seeking to solve this interpretation riddle. This study sets two gols: First, unveiling the seemingly incongruent parts of the verse on perfection of Islam, second presenting a new horizon on Surat al Maede depicting clearly the relationship between the verses and the issue of authority and leadership after prophet. Almighty Allah sought to emphasize on authority and leadership as the most imprortant blessing for the humankind. A blessing that overshadows all other blessings and is the key that unlocks the door to use other blessings. Almighty allah outlines the features of a qualified leader and defines the responsibilities of people towards a just leader. Although, no direct reference is made to the name of Imam Ali in these verse, one clearly understands that Juxtaposing these features and historical propositions remaining from the first century after Hijra clearly exhibits the rightousness of Imam Ali’s authority and leadership on Muslims of that era as the successor of prophet.

Imam Hasan’s prophecy of reconciliation with Moavie: a revisit of Imam Hasan’s strategic policies towards Moavie it emenated from a deep and thorough understanding of Imam from the circumstances of Iraq in that era. This comprehensive undestanding pushed Imam to adopt a wholistic policy package from the beginning of his reign. Imam Hasan could well prophesy the defeat of Iraqi Muslims supporting him to the front opened in Sham (damascus) supporting Moavie. Aslo, Imam Hasan could discern the need to show military activity(military maneuver) to achieve long-term political purposes and to avoid a complete and irrepairable defeat later on. The view offered in the current study flatly contradicts the first view and compelements and reforms the first one.

Few quotations are found in the course of history whose evidence is as strongly documented as the main part of Ghadir Hadith (…من کنت مولاه).The Hadith is a truthful, undeniable quote from the holy Prophet. Those who undermine the veracity of this hadith argue that it does not carry implications to the righteousness of Imam Ali as the successor of prophet. One of the arguments put forward is about the brevity and ambiguity of the term “movla”used in this hadith to refer to Imam Ali. The current study aims to explore multiple meanings of the above-mentioned term and seeks to prove that on the basis of definite evidence, the term abosulutely and without an iota of doubt denotes guardianship and authority to lead. Then, the current research assumes that the evidences presented are insufficient and attempts to attribute other meanings to the term and prove righteousness of Imam Ali as the successor of prophet based on the other denotations and connotations of the term. This research moves on to argue, should there still remain brevity and ambiguity, two solutions need to be accepted. First attributing two meanings to the term and second performing practical principles. It is hereby proved that Ghadir Hadith specifically implies the righteousness of Imam Ali as the successor of prophet beyond any reasonable doubt, and there is no way to bring it under question. Although there has been some vain attempts to distort the historical evidences of the hadith, the line of reasoning for the opposite camp has more ground and solidity.

An article was earlier published to counter the argument that Ibn Teimie was rather prejudiced and erroneous towards Ahl-ul-Beit and their virtues, wherein a different and rather unrealistic interpretation of his character was presented. In that article, Ibn-Teimie was depicted as a scholar possessing an insightful and confirmatory look towards the virtues of Ahl-Ul-Beit. He is also presented as believing in Ahl ul Beit’s nobility, scientific and religious authority, immaculateness, sole integrity and honesty. With due regard to the fact that a thorough understanding of a person’s character is only possible through a comprehensive look at the quotes and deeds he left behind, the same truth holds for ibn teimie. To understand his character all of his writings and works must be brought under careful scrutiny. There are direct quotes from ibn temie that stand in sharp contrast to what the researcher of the mentioned article argued. Prejudice, lack of comprehensiveness of the author’s understanding, incomplete and erroneous references and ignorance of the stance of the sunni scholars towards the ideas of ibn temie are but some of the critical issues that bring the article under question and undermine its line of reasoning.