فصلنامه مطالعات شهر ایرانی اسلامی
پیاپی 35 (بهار 1398)

Each society has a special culture and worldview that explains its ideals. In construction of Iranian’s historical buildings, Islamic worldview has played a crucial role as a valuable source. With the emergence of modern architecture and the disappearance of identity in new constructions, the principles cognition is one of the important issues that trying to understand the practical methods to achieving the historical principles and use them in a new way in today`s architecture. The present study, with considering the importance of housing issue and the qualitative degradation of contemporary housing, pay attention in this regard, based on the authentic values in life. In this way, we apply the principles of the Iranian-Islamic housing architecture. This practical research is done by descriptive-analytic method using documentary and library studies. Initially, these principles were extracted and prioritized by qualitative and quantitative content-analyzing the researches that they had a relationship with this study`s issue. as regards, the Iranian house should be valued for the Muslim (as a resident), at a later stage, the housing criteria were obtained from the point of Islamic view through verses and hadiths, and these criteria compared and complied with the principles of the first phase and final prioritization was performed. In the final stage, the principles of housing architecture based on Iranian-Islamic values were formulated and contemporized by using logical reasoning, in order to cite and use for current house in planning stage. As a result of this research, the principles of contemporary Iranian-Islamic housing architecture are as follows: 1) Environmental dimension: naturalism, coordination with the context, regulation of environmental conditions with respect to the climate and region, moderation. 2) Human dimension: psychological comfort, biological comfort. 3) Physical and functional dimension: using geometry and modulus, utilizing familiar elements and apparent desirability, visual comfort, Social interactions.

Religious walkways are one of the most important linear elements of pilgrimage cities in the world. Pilgrims and tourists, on their way from the city entrance to the shrine, are immersed in a variety of religious, cultural, and commercial services, as well as other activities that are part of such walkways. These sidewalks gradually prepare pilgrims to enter the shrine. Therefore, in situations that there are multiple routes for accessing the shrine, there might be some qualitative and quantitative methods to assess and categorize these walkways. The aim of this article is to identify the best route, based on visual attraction indices and religious physical elements of each path. It explains how to evaluate and rank the shrine routes based on these criterion, such that pilgrims who enter this route, on their way towards the shrine, appreciate the perspectives and activities befitting an Iranian-Islamic city. The selected method of this descriptive research is using quantitative information, based on documents and field studies, to identify and analyze the routes to the shrine of her holiness Masumah. To accomplish this, first, the route evaluation variables were identified based on the theoretical frameworks. Feeding these information to the GIS descriptive tables software, different layers of data were extracted. Superimposing sets of these layers on each other, the score of each route was determined according to the type of activity and the zone uses. The data required for these tables were collected from baseline and status maps. The field data were collected, using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), from the pilgrims, the stakeholders and the officials. This was done through questionnaires, interviews, and visual expression of what pilgrims see and depict (for example, taking photos) on their pilgrimage route. The outcome of this research is the descriptions and categorization of characteristics related to the walkways of the shrine of her holiness Masumah, as well as scoring and ranking of each route based on evaluation indicators. The results show that, based on such criterion, Eram Street is the preferred way for pilgrims to reach this shrine.

One of the oldest concepts in the study of Islamic history and culture is the “Islamic city”. The Islamic city has many elements that housing is one of them. The Islam religion addresses the culmination of human-related phenomena; hence in the construction of housing, its suitability and adequacy has been emphasized. In this study, the concept of “Islamic adequate housing” was used for the first time in research texts. Adequate housing is an issue that has been considered in scientific fieleds outside of Iran, but in Iran, no principles have been defined yet. However, in the Islamic school, there were general principles for building an adequate housing but in the modern era, this principles has been neglected. From this perspective, the present study seeks to extract and categorize adequate housing indicators through the analytical-descriptive method and using the qualitative content analysis of Islamic texts. As result, we achieve of 28 indicators that are extracted from the texts and documented, which can be considered for future constructions.

The increasing development of the city and the cars of cars into areas of urban activities and transformation of social communication, has affected the streets attractiveness and pedestrian areas, and as the main condition of socio-economic prosperity of the city leads to overwhelming emphasis on the riding movement, and solving various issues by urban planners and managers. The formation of urban texture is directly related to its network of passages, so that, the type of each of these textures is influenced by the formation of streets within the city. The stream of social life on the sidewalk is a vitality features. As pedestrian movement increases the level of social interaction, increasing the quality of vitality indicators in this targeting of walkability promotion. Imam Khomeini’s axis in Sanandaj has a pedestrian potential in the old urban texture, so, in this research is investigated with the aim of increasing pedestrian capability.
This is a descriptive-analytical and applied research. Library and field studies have been carried out and the resulting evaluation was completed using a questionnaire. The results of the research show that Imam Khomeini’s axis has the highest perspectival and functional level, and the pedestrian capability in this street with principles such as structural completion of social activities, attention to physical elements, publicizing the Kurdish home space as a city park, organizing and rational improvement of street walls, creating community spaces such as cafe´ and restaurant, so causes the hypotheses of increasing vitality on this street. So far, according to the analysis, has failed to play the role of quality and vitality.

Researches and evidences about living in traditional Iranian neighborhoods reveals a coherent, self-made physical and social structure that expresses the great concepts of human habitations. But today, the City has been separated to different networks of social relationships, which its borders and limits are different for each citizen. The consequences of this semantic change and the social separation is declining the life concepts at neighborhoods in recent decades. As a result, it is necessary to review and analyze the concepts of living in traditional neighborhoods for analyzing the ways to improve the quality of today’s cities. Neighborhood, the sense of belonging to it, collaboration and social participation are the concepts that lead the living in traditional neighborhoods and using the lessons of such a model can revitalize the identity of the neighborhoods and enhances the community-led approaches to society development. Achieving such results requires the acceptance of the neighborhood as a spiritual place and a guidance to the individual and social flows of dwelling. Among the different opinions and perspectives about the concept of the neighborhood, the Islamic Utopia Philosophers and idealists including Farabi, Mulla Sadra, Suhrawardi and etc., despite of some variations, have a similar approach to the place-led and community-led characteristics of traditional Islamic neighborhoods. Therefore, in this research, while analyzing and proving the role of “neighborhood as a place of dwelling”, we find and analyze the factors of neighborhood concept perception based on the viewpoints of Philosophers of the Islamic Utopia. This research’s method is a combination of historical interpretation and content analysis. For studying the viewpoints of the Islamic Utopia idealists and philosophers, the texts and historical documents have been interpreted and analyzed. Also, for studying the theoretical foundations of concepts and terms such as place, neighborhood, dwelling, and the analysis of the early Islamic Utopia philosopher’s opinions, content analysis method has been used. The result shows that the six factors is inferred from the viewpoint of the Islamic Utopia idealists which are the main factors of perceiving the concept of the neighborhood: 1. Collaboration and social participation, 2. Sense of belonging to the neighborhood, 3. Hierarchy and privacy, 4. Individual and social values, 5. Buildings and physical elements of the neighborhood, and 6. Providing of welfare and satisfaction of the neighborhood.

The phenomenon of tourism, due to its unique characteristics, is a very good starting point for entrepreneurs; however, the topic of tourism entrepreneurship has been less addressed and models of entrepreneurship development in tourism have been scarcely studied. This is of particular importance for different types of tourism, especially cultural tourism, which is one of the longest and most extensive forms of tourism. In order to develop a cultural tourism development model, one must first identify the factors that influence tourism entrepreneurship development and examine their relationships. The statistical population of this study, which aimed to investigate the factors affecting cultural tourism entrepreneurship and the severity of the relationship between these factors, was the owners and practitioners of tourism business, academic elite and public and private tourism activists in Yazd World Heritage. In the first stage, through the study of theoretical literature and in-depth study of sources, semi-structured interviews with experts and the process of data base theory, the factors and factors affecting entrepreneurship development are identified and in the second stage, to investigate the causal relationships and the severity of their relationships, Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM) method is used. According to the research done, three behavioral, structural and environmental factors and conditions have influenced the development of cultural tourism entrepreneurship. and the behavioral factor has the highest intensity with the variable of cultural tourism entrepreneurship development. In addition, it was found that each of these factors is related to each other and can influence each other and thus affect the variable of cultural tourism entrepreneurship development.