مجله پژوهش در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1391)

The present paper aims to compare the subcomponents of skill, attitude, barriers and the need to apply IT by the coaches of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s national teams. The type of the research was applied and the used methodology was comparative, with a field data-collection method. The statistical population included 42 coaches of Iranian national teams attending the 16th Asian Games held in Guangzhou, China. Using census sampling method, the statistical population was considered as the sample. Reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by 11 experts and university professors in the field of IT as well as physical education, and its validity was established by calculating Cronbach’s alpha (=α0.92). Descriptive statistics was used to describe the demographic characteristics of the subjects, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Friedman’s test were used to analyze the data.
The results showed that there was a significant difference in the subcomponents of the four variables of obstacles, attitude, skill, and the need to employIT by the coaches of national teams (P=0.05). Moreover, by prioritizing the subcomponents of each variable, the coaches’ needs and obstacles in using IT can be eradicated on one hand, and on the other, their skills can be improved using their attitude.

The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction among sports journalists. The method and type of the research was correlational and applied, respectively. The method of conducting the research was survey, and the method of data collection was field work. The statistical population consisted of all the Iranian sports journalists and correspondents. A sample of 120 participants was selected using non-probability purposive sampling. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, and frequency, and inferential statistics, including Pearson's correlation test (r), analysis of variance (F), and t-test. The studied group was compared with two other groups with similar jobs with regards to stress and job satisfaction. The analysis of variance showed a significant different between the groups in terms of job satisfaction (P<0.008), management satisfaction (P<0.001), and salary satisfaction (P<0.019). Moreover, Scheffe's test determined the difference between the intended groups. In general, job accountability of sports journalists and correspondents appears to be high due to the sensitive nature of their jobs. They are in direct contact with the sports community and are required to be fair in reflecting news and information in order to avoid harming the reputation of individuals, and at the same time, are required to observe the principles of objectivity and independence. This exposes journalists to tension and stress.

The present research aims to study theextent of customers’ satisfaction with the services provided in outdoor amusement parks in Tehran.
The applied methodology was that of descriptive, being a survey in terms of performance and applied in terms of objective. The data-collection method was that field, using a researcher-made questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of professors of sports management, and its reliability was established by calculating Cronbach's alpha (=α0.92). The questionnaire was designed with a 5-point Likert scale.
The results were indicative of the average satisfaction of the respondents withthe services provided in outdoor amusement parks in Tehran. Also, there was no significant difference between the views of men and women in this regard. There was a significant difference between the extent of satisfaction and income.
Generally, most respondents were moderately satisfied with the services provided in Tehran amusement parks. Low satisfaction with the ticket price reflected its high cost for the respondents.

Media is one of the most important means through which various messages, news, and information are communicated. It is available to public through different ways, and transfers the messages that are consistent with the benefits and goals of people. This matter is even more palpable in the field of sport. From among different kinds of media, people pay special attention to publications, particularly magazines. Besides, from among all sport magazines, it is ‘Tamashagar’ that can be considered as the most popular sport magazine in Iran. The present paper aims to study the gender orientations and sport components covered by the said magazine based on the theories of gender inequality. The applied methodology was that of content-analysis. Using convenience sampling method, 1485 photos and 1331 pieces of material were selected from twenty published magazines which were randomly selected. The variables were examined separately in two categories of photos (consisting of seven variables) and materials (consisting of seven variables). The SPSS software was used to analyze the data, and the Chi-squared test was utilized to examine the significance of the differences. The coefficient of inter-coder agreement as well as the results of the research showed thatthe magazine adopted a specific gender orientation, and educational and public components of sport were not focused therein.

The present paper aims to study the barriers to participation of the disabled, the blind, and the deaf in public sports in Arak city. The methodology used was descriptive field research. The statistical population included all the disabled (with physical-motor disabilities or mental retardation), the blind and the (non-athletic) deaf of Arak city. From among them, 60 people returned the questionnaires. The applied data-gathering instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was conducted after its validity and reliability (α= 0/90) was confirmed. Descriptive statistics, Friedman test, multivariate analysis of variance, and the LSD post hoc test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the lack of quality in sports venues, daily issues, and the lack of sports information were the most important barriers to participation of the subjects in sport activities. Moreover, comparing the type of disability with the barriers to participation in sport activities revealed that there was a significant difference in the barriers due to the quality of sports venues, sports information, and sports injury among the three groups of disabled people. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the disabled and the deaf in terms of barriers related to the sports information, the disabled, and the blind in terms of barriers related to everyday problems, and the blind and the deaf in terms of barriers related to behavior problems. Taking the findings of the research into account, the authorities of sport organizations are recommended to take measures to eradicate the existing barriers to participation of the disabled, the blind, and the deaf in public sports.

The present paper aims to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats involved in sport tourism in Golestan Province using SWOT analysis. The data-gathering instrument included library sources as well as a researcher-made questionnaire, validity of which was confirmed by a panel of professors. Reliability of the questionnaire was established by calculating Cronbach’s alpha (=α0.86). A sample of 150 subjects was selected, consisting of 40 university professors in the field of sports management and tourism, 50 tourism experts from travel agencies, and 60 sport experts. Using the Delphi method, holding several meetings, and performing several strategic analyses, we confirmed 9 strengths, 10 weaknesses, 9 opportunities, and 10 threats involved inthe development of sport tourism in Golestan province. Descriptive statistics, the mean-comparison test, and the Friedman test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the development of sport tourism in Golestan province was facing issues and challenges in the areas of strategic planning, infrastructure, competitors, legal status, crime, dependence, and high levels of investment in tourism. In order to maximize the use of natural sport capacities, enhance the strengths and opportunities, and eradicate the weaknesses and challenges, it is recommended that some strategies for the development of sport tourism in Golestan province be defined.

The present paper aims tostudy the role of TV in making the TV football spectators committed to the sport sponsors. In this research, five important variables, including brand awareness, corporate image, interest in sponsors, purchase intention, and loyalty to the sponsoring organization or company and its products or services, were studied. The data-gathering instrument was a questionnaire, validity of which was confirmed by a panel of experts. Reliability of the questionnaire was established by calculating Cronbach's alpha (=α0.80). The statistical population included the TV spectators of the most popular teams in the Tenth League. 460 subjects were selected as the sample population. Using the binominal test method, the effect of sport sponsorship on the five mentioned variables among the TV spectators of the popular teams was examined. The results showed that sport sponsorship increases brand awareness, enhances the positive image of the sponsoring organization, and increases the interest in and loyalty to the sponsor. However, it has no significant effect on purchase intention. The sponsors have to note that making the spectators committed to them is a long-time process, which requires persistent support to finally achieve capital return.