مجله پژوهش های کاربردی روانشناختی
سال ششم شماره 4 (زمستان 1394)

In the recent years, the coherence index is used in many electroencephalographic studies for investigation of brain connectivity in children with ADHD disorder. It is suggested that the coherence is a useful index in discrimination of ADHD subjects from normal subjects. However, a few studies are accomplished in subtypes of ADHD to identify of differences in functional connectivity between ADHD subtypes. In this comparative study, the connectivity index of coherence between two hemispheres is compared between two groups with ADHD-combined type (ADHD-C, N=13) and ADHD-predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I, N=10). The results show that the coherence between left temporal lobe and right frontal lobe is significantly increased in ADHD-combined type as compared with ADHD- inattentive type. This higher coherence is occurred in the Theta (4-8 Hz) and Alpha (8-12 Hz) frequency Bands. Results would suggest that hyperactivity and impulsivity in ADHD-combined type could be related to left temporal and right frontal connectivity deficiencies.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of social interest fostering program on psychological basic needs satisfaction in students with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). This experimental study had been done by pre-test and post-test method, with control group. The sample population included students with ODD who visited Tehran service clinics in the first half of the year 2015. The selection of cluster sampling was used and subjects were randomly replaced in experimental and control groups. At first, Among Tehran psychological service clinics, two centers (Atieh and Talash) were randomly selected, then among the students 9 to 12 years who in diagnostic interview and CBCL were diagnosed with ODD, Thirty four students with their parent were recruited and assigned for experimental and control groups randomly. Data was collected by Social Interest Scale for Iranian Children (SISIC) and Basic Needs Satisfaction Scale. Children and their mothers in Experimental group separately took part in ten 2-hour weekly sessions of social interest. The control group received usual care. Covariance analysis revealed that training social interest program could increase social interest (p<.01) and psychological basic needs satisfaction (Autonomy (p<.01), competency (p<.01) and relation (p<.01)). Accordingly, The results show the social interest program could promote psychological basic needs satisfaction in students with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Thus, we can use this program to help children with behavioral problems and their families.

The main object of this study was to survey the relation between spiritual intelligence and servant leadership of Isfahan high school's principals. The research method was descriptive with correlation type .the study population consisted of 118 principals in the high school year 2012-2013 of Isfahan city, whom 92 of them were randomly selected through stage cluster sampling .the research instruments included standardized questionnaires: servant leadership (Laub ,1999) and spiritual intelligence( King ,2000) questionnaires .in order to analyses data was used of  Pearson correlation coefficient and T test .results showed that there was a significant and positive relation between servant leadership and all of the components of spiritual intelligence .There was no significant difference between male and female principals in related to relationship between servant leadership and spiritual intelligence components

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties, factor structure and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (k-10) cut-off point on the students and prepare it as a screening tool for mental health. In this study, 500 students of Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences were selected by proportional sampling. Participants responded to the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and were interviewed by the trained interviewers with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the K-10 questionnaire single factor and the values of factor loadings for the main factor were ​​between 65/0 and 84/0. The sensitivity, specificity and overall misclassification rate for the best cut-off point of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale  (8) was respectively 81, 80/5 and 16/5 percent, respectively. The cut-off point, taking into account the maximum sensitivity (100%) was 1 and maximum specificity (100%) was 27. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of and Spearman - Brown coefficient the Scale were 93/0 and 91/0 respectively. This questionnaire is suitable for screening of college students’ psychopathology.

The present study,in order toidentifythe effect of teaching by Socratic discussion on students' critical thinking disposition in university, was performed in the qualitative approach and by an action research method with theparticipants in one group of education undergraduate students, who were selected by purposeful sampling (N=20). Collecting data were applied by “the standardized open-ended interview”. The interview was organized in tow main themes (evaluation of the education, evaluation of the interactions), and the systematic sequence of five questions. After designing implementing pattern (Socratic dialogue), according to educational topics in educational psychology,teaching method was done in one educational semester and so interviews with participants were conducted by the researcher at the end of semester. Collected data from interview were analyzed by interpretational analysis” and deducted results from them indicated the effectiveness of Socratic discussion in improve tendency to six“elements of critical thinking dispositions (analyticity, cognitive maturity, CT self-confidence, self-evaluation, open-mindedness, truth-seeking).

Vaginismus is a female sexual dysfunction associated with many interpersonal and communication consequences. Purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and biofeedback on treatmentpatients with vaginismus and their sexual status. For this purpose, in a quasi-experimental study with pretest – posttest along with the control group, 18 women with vaginismus who referred to the psychiatry- psychology clinic were selected, in a purposeful way and then assigned into two groups of 9 people each, randomly. The experimental group underwent six sessions of 90-minute of cognitive-behavioral therapy and biofeedback. The second group did not undergo any intervention. Two groups in pretest and posttest time level were measured. The results of repeated measure analysis of variance indicated that experimental group’s scoresof vaginismus and also other sexual function include infrequency, non-communication, dissatisfaction and avoidance and overall sexual status were significantly lower than control group inpost-test stage.Therefore it appears that combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and biofeedback is an effective wayfor curing patients with vaginismusand improving their other sexual functions and can be used as a useful method of intervention for these patients

The identity styles are considered as one of  the important factors of predicting well-being. The aim of this research was to study the relation of identity styles and psychological, social and emotional well-being and the role of commitment and accepting religious identity. The numbers of 320 (125 male, 193 female and 2 person without answer) students from different faculties of University of Tehran were randomly selected in multistage cluster sampling procedure. The fourth version of Identity Style Inventory (ISI-4) and Religious Identity of Rahiminezhad and Ahmadi and Keyes well-being questionnaires were used. Both models were analyzed With Path analysis. The results showed: a) the commitment and religious identity had mediating role between informational identity and four kinds of well-beings; b) the commitment and religious identity also showed mediating role between normative identity and four kinds of well-beings. As a conclusion, in the first model (informative style) commitment showed more predicting role for well-being than religious identity. And in the second model (normative style) the role of mediators were reversed. In both models the commitment as mediating factor showed more indirect relation to psychological well-being and accepting religious identity as mediating factors showed more indirect relation to social well-being.

In this survey the effectiveness of religious- spiritual intervention based on Islamic approach on psychological and immune indices  related to personality type D patients with rheumatoid arthritis is studied. Statistical society consisted of patients who were referenced to the rheumatology clinics in the center and northern parts Tehran. 44 patients with rheumatoid arthritis using purposive sampling in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected in two groups of22 individuals were examined. Psychological and immune evaluation tests of depression, anxiety and stress scale and blood samples was conducted in two stages of pretest and posttest.  Questioner Ds-14 was used for controlling of personality D effect . Using multiple covariance analysis, the results showed a significant effect of the spiritual-religious intervention based on Islamic approach on depression, stress and anxiety of patients with RA. The use of this intervention in reducing the immune parameters (ESR, CRP) was proved to be effective. According to the results, considering and studying this issue and strengthening this aspect of health is very important.

This study was aimed to determine the effect of ego depletion on reaction time and routine exercise of Iranian elite swimmers. For this, 36 swimmers invited to the National swimming team were selected using available sampling and divided into control and experimental groups. This research was semi-experimental in pre-test post-test design in ego depletion and non-Ego-depletion conditions. First, a baseline of routine exercises (maximum number of sit-ups in 60s) and reaction time was recorded. After 3 days, Ego-depletion condition was created using Stroop Effect Test. After that, reaction time and maximum number of sit ups in 60 seconds were measured. After adjusting the pre-test scores, the results of analyses of covariate showed the negative significant effect of ego depletion on reaction time and routine exercises (P<0.05). Therefore, these results supported the strength   Self-control model. According to this model, the resources of self-control act as body resources during performance, which body resources was decreased for next task in result of consuming some of that.

This research was done with the purpose of the study of core self-evaluation and achievement goal orientation in predicting academic burn out in students of Tehran city. The method of research is cross-correlation. The statistical population consisted of all high school students in 2015-2016. Sample of 200 students were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Analyzed 170 questionnaires, after discarding the incompletes. Data were collected by Breso school-burnout inventory (2007), achievement goals questionnaire (2001) and core self-evaluations scale (2003). Data were analyzed by correlation, independent t-tests and regression.  The Results showed that there was negative relationship between  academic burnout and core self-evaluation, goal mastery-oriented, performance-oriented and performance-avoidance but there was no associated with mastery-avoidance. Also the results of multiple regression showed that core self-evaluation and mastery-oriented negatively affect academic burnout. And the total, 36% of the variance of academic burnout was explained by two variable. Eventually the results showed that there was no significant difference among of three variables in the two groups of female and male students. But there was significant difference in emotional exhaustion of academic burnout in the two groups, and male had higher emotional exhaustion.

The purpose of the present research was explaining relationship academic burnout  and child – mother relationship pattern with intermediation resiliency , by using structural equation modeling (SEM). Research method was descriptive – correlation . the statiscal sample of this research was included 461 girls student high school in Tehran city that they were selected by multi- stage cluster sampling method and they were  completed Breso burnout questionnaire, child- parent relationship questionnaire and conner and Davidson resilience scale. The results indicated that the model had a good fitness with the data.Gained indexes were Chi-Square=295.150,Comparative Fit Index=0.939, Goodness Of Fit Index=0.926, Adjusted Goodness Of Fit Index= 0.899 and Root Mean Square Error Of Approximation=0.066. There were direct effects child- parent relationship pattern on academic burnout and indirect effects with intermediation resilience. Resiliency had  negative meaningful relationship with academic burnout.

The current era is the era of networks. An era, in which many new ways are introduced to the vast field of social communications by formation of various online social networks. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived social support and usage of social networks in the students of Qazvin University. The research samples, consisting of 210 students in academic year 2015-2016, were selected by Multistage Random Cluster Sampling. The research tools consisted of Multi-Faceted Social Support Scale and Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale. Data analysis with Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Multivariate Regression Analysis showed that there is a significant negative relationship between the usage of social networks and the total score of perceived social support as well as social support from family and friends (P < 0.01). There is no significant correlation between consumption of social networks and perceived social support from friends (P > 0.01); however, the results from Stepwise Regression showed that social support can explain well the variance of the use of social networks (t=-3.190, B=-0.0216); i.e. %4/7of the variance related to the consumption of social networks was explained by the social support from friends factor.

The purpose of this study is to combine quantitative results from research on the effects of distance education and its comparison with the traditional method on academic achievement of students by the application of meta-analysis. The statistical population of the study is all researches conducted in Iran on the impact of distance education and its comparison with the traditional method on students' academic achievement. In accordance with the criteria of the present study، 51 studies from total of 138 studies were conducted by using statistical analysis CMA V2. By using Cohen's d the average of the effects of distance learning method and traditional method were 0.98 and 0.47, respectively and then by using T-test was compared the effect of these two methods.By accepting the assumption of inequality of variances, the results indicates that between the effect of distance education and the traditional and traditional method there is a significant difference with a significance level of 0.02 which is less than 0.05 (sig = 0.001> 0.05) . In other words, distance learning students have more academic achievement than regular students.

This present study aimed to compare the cognitive theory-based and the solution-focused training on reducing the codependency of addicts’ wives. This study was a quasi-experimental with pretest – posttest design along with a control group. The study population consists of all wives who had been referred to the Congress 60 Center in Tehran for the treatment of their husbands. Available sampling method was used based on the voluntary cooperation of the participants to complete questionnaires. The research tool used in this study were Stone Brink's codependency Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results of ANCOVA showed that there was significant difference between the study groups. The results also showed that there is a significant difference between the control group and cognitive training group (0.05 <P, F=581.41), and also between the control group and solution-focused training group (0.05 <P, F=311.32). As well, the cognitive training groups had greater effect on reducing the codependency of addicts’ wives than the solution-focused training groups.