مجله پژوهش های کاربردی روانشناختی
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پاییز 1396)

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulus on selective attention in dual task paradigm. By semi-experimental method 28 students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz were recruited (mean age: 25.32±2.46) by at available sampling method and assigned into experimental and Sham equally groups. Participants were asked to perform dual task test of Stroop’s effect  before and after transcranial stimulus. The test included four stimulus onset synchronized of 50, 100, 300 and 900 thousandth of a second between two stimuli in three Stroop’s effect conditions with dual task paradigm. The results of the mix analysis of variance revealed that the mean of reaction time in experimental group was better than the other one (p<0.05), therefore, it can result that the transcranial stimulus of prefrontal cortex method decreased the effect of psychological refractory period. Thus this method can improve the capacity of selective attention or information process in humankind

Impulsiveness, the individual's tendency to respond quickly to a given stimulus without reflectivity and evaluation of the consequences, is considered as a determinant component of several psychiatric disorders. Dimensions of impulsiveness including lack of discipline, motor impulsiveness, and cognitive impulsiveness could influence different aspects of depression and anxiety disorders. The main aim of this study was to compare impulsiveness in patients with major depression and anxiety disorders with and normal individuals. This study demonstrates the differences of impulsivity among the three attending groups in this study. A total of 224 individuals (87 depressed, 64 anxious, 73 normal) participated in this study voluntarily. Following a psychiatric diagnosis of the psychological disorders, both the patient and normal groups were asked to complete the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS; Barratt, 1994). The results revealed that depressed patients reported significantly higher levels of motor impulsiveness and lack of descipline than did anxious patients and normal individuals. Anxious patients reported higher levels of cognitive impulsiveness than did depressed patients as well as higher levels of cognitive impulsiveness and lack of discipline than did normal individuals. Normal individuals reported lower levels of impulsiveness than did the two groups of depressed and anxious patients. Comparison of dimensions of impulsiveness in patients and normal individuals provides evidence of the possible impact of pathological impulsivity on the development and/or continuity of depression and anxiety disorders. The difference between levels and dimensions of impulsiveness of the two groups of depressed and anxious patients also could explain their differences in terms of the kind of psychological disorders.

The current study is done with the purpose of studying the effectiveness behavioral-cognitive intervention training in decreasing the Students test anxiety and shyness. The present study was a qasi-experimental method with pre-test/post test with a controlled group. Statistical population included first grade high school students of Khorramabad city who were studying in the educational year 95-96. sample of this study was composed of 30 students who were selected with multi-stage random sampling method, and were placed in two experimental groups and control groups(each consisted of 15 persons). Research tools included test anxiety questionnaire (TAQ) Sarason (1960) and shyness questionnaire (SQ) Cheek & Buss (1983). Data using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate analysis of covariance) were analyzed. Research results show that education cognitive-behavioral intervention training decreases Test anxiety and Shyness in the students (F-72/63, P<0/001). So cognitive-behavioral intervention due to the decrease in students a passion Test anxiety and Shyness and holding periods is one of the necessities of research in this area is recommended.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and self-compassion among students. The statistical population of this study includes Yazd university students studying in 2015-2016 academic year. A sample of 375 students was selected through stratified sampling strategy. Shearing emotional intelligence questionnaire included self-motivation, self-awareness, social consciousness, social skills and self-control and Neff self-compassion questionnaire included self-kindness, self-criticism, a sense of common humanity, isolation, mind fullness and overidentifing were the instruments of this research. The research instruments were distributed among the students and they were asked to answer all the questions. The instruments were proved to have content validity and the reliability of them was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used. The result of correlation matrix shows a positive and significant relationship between the emotional intelligence and self-compassion (p< 0.001). The results of structural equation modeling show there is a positive and significant relationship between these two variables and fitness of model is good.

In this study, the quality of teacher-student relationship is presented as attachment to teacher (secure attachment, avoidant attachment, and anxious attachment) as contextual variable and as factors influencing test anxiety in female students through academic engagement, are examined using the method of structural equation modeling. 289 female students were selected as the sample in Hamedan in the field of Mathematics-Physics and Empirical Sciences in chemistry and physics by the method of multistage cluster sampling and completed Rio and Tseng questionnaire of aspects of academic engagement (2011) and researcher-made three-dimensional scale of attachment to teacher, and Test Anxiety Inventory of Abolqasemi et al. (2002). According to the results and the model presented,secure attachment has no significant direct effect on test anxiety, But, through the mediating role of academic engagement, reduces test anxiety. Anxious and Avoidant attachment to the teacher leads to increased test anxiety.

The current study aimed to compare driving violations and driving errors of addicted, under-treatment and healthy drivers. Also, the influence of aberrant driving behavior on traffic safety (accidents and tickets) for each group was assessed. A total of 240 volunteers filled up Driving Behavior Questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire asking about driving experience and history of substance was used. ANCOVA and MANCOVA with age, gender, education, and hours of driving per week, and the years of driving experience as covariates indicated that compared to healthy drivers, addicted and under-treatment drivers reported higher rate of aggressive violations, ordinary violations, errors, lapses, accidents and tickets. Among addicted there was significant relationship between the number of accidents and driving errors. Their number of tickets was related to ordinary driving violations. For the under-treatment group, the number of accidents were related to ordinary violations, aggressive violations, errors and lapses. Their number of tickets was related to aggressive violations, ordinary violations and errors. For healthy individuals none of the correlations were significant. Addicted and under-treatment individuals violate traffic regulations and drive erroneously more than healthy individuals, resulting in decrease in traffic safety.

It is over two decades that bio-cognitive studies in the field of Bowlby’s attachment theory became very important. Currently, the researchers emphasize on the role of oxytocin in the formation of attachment and caring behaviors.a Evidence acquisition: To study the relationship between oxytocin and attachment, related articles were studied in the Pubmed, Medlib, Cochrane library, SID and Iran Doc Informationa databases (2000 to 2016). The articles assessing the relationship of oxytocin with non-attachment features have been excluded among the studied articles. A total of 115 articles were studied.

The relationship between attachment and oxytocin is highly confirmed in all these investigations, regarding the variety of methodology in the collected studies and obtaining the confirming studies.

Studies show that the process of pregnancy, childbirth and the mother’s relationship with the baby increases the mother’s oxytocin level and thus the improvement of maternal behavior. The consequence of enhancing the care quality is an increase in the oxytocin level in the brain of the baby. As a result, oxytocin plays a critical role in the improvement of maternal care and mother-infant attachment status.

The purpose of this study was to design and identify Emotion-Focused counseling model on Islamic ethics on incompatible couples' Happiness. The research method was experimental and in the framework of a pseudo-experimental design of a pre-test and post-test type with a control group. The statistical population was selected from 30 volunteers of all clients’ couples referring to Yara counseling center in Saveh city in the second six months of 1395. The information gathering tool was Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. The program was run for 10 sessions of 90-minute group counseling for the test group but the control group did not receive any training. The findings indicated that the designed model had an appropriate validity, and significantly increased the happiness mean and its components namely: life satisfaction, positive mood, well-being mental, self-efficacy but there was no significant effect on the other component which was self-esteem. It can be concluded that an Emotion-Focused Counseling Based on Islamic ethics model can drive inconsistent couples from insecure attachment to secure attachment, more emotional control and more intimate as an applied and effective way.

The purpose of this study was to design and identify Emotion-Focused counseling model on Islamic ethics on incompatible couples' Happiness. The research method was experimental and in the framework of a pseudo-experimental design of a pre-test and post-test type with a control group. The statistical population was selected from 30 volunteers of all clients’ couples referring to Yara counseling center in Saveh city in the second six months of 1395. The information gathering tool was Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. The program was run for 10 sessions of 90-minute group counseling for the test group but the control group did not receive any training. The findings indicated that the designed model had an appropriate validity (CVR =0.7125) and significantly increased the happiness mean and its components namely: life satisfaction, positive mood, well-being mental, self-efficacy but there was no significant effect on the other component which was self-esteem. It can be concluded that an Emotion-Focused Counseling Based on Islamic ethics model can drive inconsistent couples from insecure attachment to secure attachment, more emotional control and more intimate as an applied and effective way.

A significant percentage of people suffering from anxiety and depression and there are different treatments for this condition. In this study, prayer has been suggested at least to treat or reduce anxiety and depression. Hence, the present study is done to determine the relation of prayer with anxiety and depression. The research method is a correlation. The statistical population of research, was randomly selected between 400 retiring for prayer, 120 person as the sample volume that composed of 80 men and 40 women. Research instruments included the beck anxiety inventory, Beck Depression Inventory II, prayer standard questionnaire and benediction was conducted in the statistical population. The most important findings of the study show that the main hypothesis of this study included a prayer relationship with anxiety and depression that was confirmed at the level of %1. Also, the first research hypothesis that have been associated with anxiety of prayer was also confirmed at the level of %5.

The purpose of this study was to design a specially designed syllabus for emotional regulation and its effectiveness in Cognitive disturbances and the temptation of drug use. For this purpose, mixed research method has been used. In the qualitative stage, which was done by the method of Grounded Theory, the constructive components of the package of emotional regulation training were identified. In the second stage, the pseudo-experimental design of heterogeneous groups was used. 40 subjects were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to either experimental or control group. The questionnaires used include Interpersonal Cognitive Distortion Questionnaire (Hamamci & Buyuk-ozturk, 1998) and Beck and Clarke's Drug Temptation Questionnaire (1993). The collected data were analyzed using repeated measure. The results show that emotional regulation training reduces the cognitive distortion of drug abusers, but does not have a significant effect on drug use temptation. As a result, educating positive assessment strategies and improving cognitive distortions in people who are leaving can increase their sense of satisfaction.